Blood pressure and selected putatively influential hormones were measured in Brattleboro rats which were without diabetes insipidus and which were subjected to various manipulations in dietary sodium intake. Rats fed a control diet from weaning to 16 weeks of age showed a slow increase in blood pressure whereas rats fed a sodium-enriched diet for the same period exhibited sustained hypertension (115±3 versus 169±5 (s.e.m.) mmHg). In animals fed a sodium-enriched diet plasma concentrations of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) were significantly increased from 55±8 to 108±5 fmol/l. Rats fed the control diet from weaning (group A) and subsequently maintained on that diet or changed to a sodium-enriched diet or sodium-deficient diet showed no differences in their blood pressure. Plasma hormone concentrations were similar in these groups, with the exception of aldosterone suppression in rats switched from control to a sodium-enriched diet (0·26±0·04 versus 0·08±0·03 nmol/l; P <0·001). Animals fed the sodium-enriched diet from weaning to 16 weeks of age (group b) and either maintained on that diet or changed to a control diet showed little change in their established hypertension. Transfer to the control diet was associated with increased plasma renin concentrations (PRC) (13·8±2·1 to 122·6±6·2 nmol/l) and plasma aldosterone concentrations (0·04±0·01 to 0·08±0·01 nmol/l; P<0·001) but corticosteroids and ADH concentrations were unchanged. Rats maintained on the sodium-enriched diet from weaning to 16 weeks of age and transfered to a sodium-deficient diet exhibited increases in their established hypertensive blood pressures (maximally 205±4 versus 170±4 mmHg) together with significant increases in PRC (13·8 ±2·1 to 297±79 nmol/l; P< 0·001), aldosterone (0·04±0·01 to 0·23±0·07 nmol/l; P <0·001) and ADH (82·9±15·5 to 466±118 fmol/l; P <0·001), although plasma concentrations of corticosteroids were again unaffected. Thus it would appear that there is a critical developmental stage at which exposure to a sodium-enriched diet subsequently leads to hypertension. Abrupt withdrawal of the sodium-enriched diet produces an exaggerated hypertension involving changes in both ADH and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system.
Journal of Endocrinology (1990) 127, 243–248
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