Cytokines have traditionally been the concern of biologists interested in immunology, cancer and inflammatory disease, but over the past few years have been appearing with increasing regularity in the endocrinology literature. It has now been demonstrated that several cytokines appear in the general circulation, are produced by endocrine glands and can exert activities at sites distant from their synthesis. Thus, it may now be time to consider the role of the cytokines in endocrinology.
The cytokine family is a large, and seemingly everexpanding group of polypeptides which includes the interleukins (IL) (numbered 1–10), tumour necrosis factors (TNF) (α and β) and interferons. They have numerous and diverse actions on many cell types, but are most noted for their effects on cells of the immune system (see Hopkins, 1990; Dinarello, 1990 for recent reviews of general cytokine biology). The complexity of cytokine actions results partly
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