Pituitary adenomas are a common form of endocrine neoplasia in man, and cause clinical problems resulting from syndromes of hormone hypersecretion, hypofunction of the residual normal pituitary gland, or from mass effects from the tumour bulk itself. They can now be treated by surgery, by irradiation or by endocrine therapies such as dopamine or somatostatin agonists, but none of these options has proved entirely satisfactory. After intense scrutiny of pituitary physiology and biochemistry, only now are some of the causes of pituitary tumour formation becoming understood, and this short review will discuss some recent advances in the field.
Pituitary tumours generally arise from a single differentiated cell type expressing its appropriate mature pituitary hormone product (such as prolactin, growth hormone (GH), adrenocorticotrophin (ACTH) or thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), and the hormone hypersecretion often leads to a clinically recognized syndrome. About 25% of adenomas are clinically 'non-functioning', but most of these in
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Online ISSN: 1479-6805
Print ISSN: 0022-0795
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