Propionate promotes intestinal lipolysis and metabolic benefits via AMPK/LSD1 pathway in mice

in Journal of Endocrinology
Authors:
Dan Wang Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Institute of Subtropical Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China

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Chu-Dan Liu Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Institute of Subtropical Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China

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Meng-Li Tian Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Institute of Subtropical Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China

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Cheng-Quan Tan Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Institute of Subtropical Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China

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Gang Shu Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Institute of Subtropical Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China

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Qing-Yan Jiang Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Institute of Subtropical Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China

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Lin Zhang Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Institute of Subtropical Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China

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Yu-Long Yin Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Institute of Subtropical Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China

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Correspondence should be addressed to L Zhang or Y-L Yin: linzhang@scau.edu.cn or yinyulong@isa.ac.cn
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/JOE-19-0188
Volume/Issue:
Volume 243: Issue 3
Article Type:
Research Article
Page Range:
187–197
Online Publication Date:
Dec 2019
Copyright:
© 2019 Society for Endocrinology 2019
Restricted access
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Dietary fibers and their microbial fermentation products short-chain fatty acids promote metabolic benefits, but the underlying mechanisms are still unclear. Recent studies indicate that intestinal lipid handling is under regulatory control and has broad influence on whole body energy homeostasis. Here we reported that dietary inulin and propionate significantly decreased whole body fat mass without affecting food intake in mice fed with chow diet. Meanwhile, triglyceride (TG) content was decreased and lipolysis gene expression, such as adipose triglyceride lipase (A tgl), hormone-sensitive lipase (H sl) and lysosomal acid lipase (L al) was elevated in the jejunum and ileum of inulin- and propionate-treated mice. In vitro studies on Caco-2 cells showed propionate directly induced enterocyte Atgl, Hsl and Lal gene expression and decreased TG content, via activation of phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase (p-AMPK) and lysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSD1). Moreover, inulin and propionate could increase intestinal lipolysis under high-fat diet (HFD)-fed condition which contributed to the prevention of HFD-induced obesity. Our study suggests that dietary fiber inulin and its microbial fermentation product propionate can regulate metabolic homeostasis through regulating intestinal lipid handling, which may provide a novel therapeutic target for both prevention and treatment of obesity.

Supplementary Materials

    • Supplementary Table: Primers used for quantitative real time-PCR
    • Supplementary Figure 1. Effect of SCFAs on metabolic phenotype in chow diet fed mice. (A-B) Body weight gain (A) and fat mass (B) of mice treated with acetate or butyrate in chow diet for 2 weeks. (C-D) iWAT (C) and eWAT (D) fat-pad weights. (E) Hematoxylin-eosin staining of jejunum. (F) Villus length of jejunum. (G) Oil-red O staining of liver. (H) Triglyceride content in the liver. (I) Hematoxylin-eosin staining of eWAT. (J) Triglyceride content in the eWAT. Ctrl, control; NaA, acetate; NaB, butyrate; iWAT, inguinal white adipose tissue; eWAT, epididymal white adipose tissue. n=8 per group. Data are mean ±SEM and statistical analyses were performed using two-tailed Student’s t test; *P <0.05 versus control.
    • Supplementary Figure 2. Effects of propionate and inulin on lipid metabolism gene in the liver, WAT and small intestine. (A-B) The mRNA expression of ATGL, HSL, Cpt1α, CD36 and FATP4 in the liver (A) and eWAT (B). (C-D) The mRNA expression of CD36 and FATP4 in the jejunum (C) and ileum (D). n=6 per group. Data are mean ±SEM and statistical analyses were performed using two-tailed Student’s t test; *P <0.05 versus control.
    • Supplementary Figure 3. Effects of SCFAs on lipid metabolism and cell viability in Caco-2 cells. (A) Oil Red O staining of Caco-2 cells after incubated with 0.5 mmol/L SCFAs for 24 h, n=6 per group. (B) Cell viability was assessed in Caco-2 cells after incubated with (0, 10, 50, 100, 500 and 1000 μmol/L) propionate at 12, 24 and 48 h by MTT assay, n=6 per group. (C-D) The mRNA expression of CD36 (C) and DGAT1 (D) in Caco-2 cells incubation with 0.5 mmol/L SCFAs, n=6 per group. Data are mean ±SEM and statistical analyses were performed using one-way ANOVA. *P <0.05 indicates a significant difference. Scale bar: 50 μm.
    • Supplementary Figure 4. Effect of propionate and inulin on FFARs in the jejunum. (A-B) The mRNA expression of FFAR3 (A) and FFAR2 (B) in the jejunum of chow fed-mice treated with propionate or inulin for 2 weeks. n=6 per group, Data are mean ±SEM and statistical analyses were performed using two-tailed Student’s t test.
    • Supplementary Figure 5. Effects of compound C or GSK 2879552 on p-AMPK and LSD1 expression in Caco-2 cells. (A) Intracellular triglyceride content in Caco-2 cells when stimulated with 0, 1, 5,10 μmol/L compound C (Cc) for 24 h, n=6 per group. (B) Protein expression of p-AMPK and AMPK in Caco-2 cell stimulated with or without Cc in the presence of propionate for 24 h, n=4 per group. (C) Protein expression of LSD1 in Caco-2 cell treated with or without GSK2879552 (GSK552) in the presence of propionate for 24 h, n=4 per group. Data are mean ±SEM and statistical analyses were performed using one-way ANOVA. *P <0.05 indicates a significant difference.
    • Supplementary Figure 6. Effect of propionate or inulin on metabolic phenotype in HFD fed mice. (A-B) iWAT (A) and eWAT (B) fat-pad weights of HFD-fed mice treated with propionate or inulin for 2 weeks. (C-D) The unit length weight of jejunum (C) and ileum (D). (E) Triglyceride content in the liver. (F-G) The mRNA expression of MGAT2 and DGAT1 in the jejunum (F) and ileum (G). Data are mean ±SEM and statistical analyses were performed using two-tailed Student’s t test, n=6 per group; *P <0.05 versus control.
    • Supplementary Figure 7. Effects of propionate and inulin on amino acid absorption and inflammatory cytokines in the jejunum. (A) The mRNA expression of amino acid transporters (y+LAT1, B0,+AT and B0AT1) in the jejunum of mice treated with propionate or inulin in chow diet, n=6. (B) Plasma arginine of mice treated with propionate or inulin after 10% whey protein administration for 30 min, n=4. (C) The mRNA expression of inflammatory cytokines (TNFα, IL-6 and NFκB) in the jejunum of mice fed with propionate or inulin, n=6. Data are mean ±SEM and statistical analyses were performed using two-tailed Student’s t test; *P <0.05 versus control.

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Print ISSN:
0022-0795
Online ISSN:
1479-6805
Copyright:
© 2019 Society for Endocrinology 2019
Page(s):
11
Article Type:
Research Article
Received Date:
11 Aug 2019
Accepted Date:
06 Sep 2019
Print Publication Date:
01 Dec 2019
Online Publication Date:
Dec 2019
Keywords:
propionate; inulin; intestinal lipolysis; AMP-activated protein kinase; lysine-specific demethylase 1; obesity