Maternal sucrose consumption alters behaviour and steroids in adult rat offspring

in Journal of Endocrinology
Authors:
Daniel J Tobiansky Department of Psychology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada

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https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6381-3453
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George V Kachkovski Department of Psychology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada

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Reilly T Enos Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA

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Kim L Schmidt Department of Psychology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada

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E Angela Murphy Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA

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Stan B Floresco Department of Psychology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada

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, and
Kiran K Soma Department of Psychology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
Department of Zoology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada

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Correspondence should be addressed to D J Tobiansky: djtobiansky@smcm.edu

*(D J Tobiansky and G V Kachkovski contributed equally to this work)

†(D J Tobiansky is now at Department of Biology, St. Mary’s College of Maryland, St. Mary’s City, Maryland, USA)

‡(G V Kachkovski is now at Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Michael DeGroote Centre for Learning and Discovery (MDCL), Hamilton, Ontario, USA)

DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/JOE-21-0166
Volume/Issue:
Volume 251: Issue 3
Article Type:
Research Article
Page Range:
161–180
Online Publication Date:
05 Nov 2021
Copyright:
© Society for Endocrinology 2021
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Maternal diets can have dramatic effects on the physiology, metabolism, and behaviour of offspring that persist into adulthood. However, the effects of maternal sucrose consumption on offspring remain unclear. Here, female rats were fed either a sucrose diet with a human-relevant level of sucrose (25% of kcal) or a macronutrient-matched, isocaloric control diet before, during, and after pregnancy. After weaning, all offspring were fed a standard low-sucrose rodent chow. We measured indicators of metabolism (weight, adipose, glucose tolerance, and liver lipids) during development and adulthood (16–24 weeks). We also measured food preference and motivation for sugar rewards in adulthood. Finally, in brain regions regulating these behaviours, we measured steroids and transcripts for steroidogenic enzymes, steroid receptors, and dopamine receptors. In male offspring, maternal sucrose intake decreased body mass and visceral adipose tissue, increased preference for high-sucrose and high-fat diets, increased motivation for sugar rewards, and decreased mRNA levels of Cyp17a1 (an androgenic enzyme) in the nucleus accumbens. In female offspring, maternal sucrose intake increased basal corticosterone levels. These data demonstrate the enduring, diverse, and sex-specific effects of maternal sucrose consumption on offspring phenotype.

Supplementary Materials

    • Supplementary Table 1. Primers and probes used for qPCR.
    • Supplementary Table 2. Effects of Maternal Diet on metabolism of ad libitum -fed offspring.
    • Supplementary Table 3. Effects of Maternal Diet on metabolism of calorie-restricted offspring.
    • Supplementary Table 4. Effects of Maternal Diet on hepatic histopathology in ad libitum- fed offspring.
    • Supplementary Table 5. Steroids levels (ng/mL, ng/g, pg/mL or pg/g) in calorie-restricted offspring
    • Supplementary Table 6. Effects of Maternal Diet and Tissue on steroid levels in calorie-restricted offspring.
    • Supplementary Table 7. Effects of Maternal Diet and Tissue on brain mRNA levels in calorie-restricted offspring.
    • Supplementary Figure 1. Steroidogenic enzyme mRNA levels in calorie-restricted offspring. Transcripts are present in all regions and show significant regional differences. There are no significant effects of Maternal Diet or interactions with Maternal Diet. Significant Tissue differences for each transcript for both males and females are: (A,B) Cyp17a1 mRNA, POA/HYP ≈ NAc ≈ VTA > mPFC > HPC; (C,D) Hsd17b1 mRNA, POA/HYP ≈ NAc > VTA > mPFC > HPC; (E,F) Cyp19a1 mRNA, POA/HYP > NAc > mPFC ≈ HPC > VTA. Abbreviations: mPFC, medial prefrontal cortex; NAc, nucleus accumbens; VTA, ventral tegmental area; HPC, hippocampus; POA/HYP, preoptic area/hypothalamus. All values are relative to POA/HYP of female control ad libitum-fed offspring. Data are presented as mean ± 95% CI. Sample sizes = 9-10/group.
    • Supplementary Figure 2. Steroid receptor mRNA levels in calorie-restricted offspring. Transcripts show significant regional differences. There are no significant effects of Maternal Diet or interactions with Maternal Diet. (A,B) Androgen receptor (Ar) mRNA levels. Tissue differences in Ar expression in (A) females are: POA/HYP > NAc > HPC > VTA > mPFC. Tissue differences in Ar expression in (B) males are: POA/HYP > NAc > HPC > VTA ≈ mPFC. (C,D) Estrogen receptor α (Esr1) mRNA levels. Tissue differences in Esr1 expression in both (C) females and (D) males are: POA/HYP > NAc ≈ VTA > HPC > mPFC. Abbreviations: mPFC, medial prefrontal cortex; NAc, nucleus accumbens; VTA, ventral tegmental area; HPC, hippocampus; POA/HYP, preoptic area/hypothalamus. All values are relative to POA/HYP of female control ad libitum-fed offspring. Data are presented as mean ± 95% CI. Sample sizes = 9-10/group.
    • Supplementary Figure 3. Dopamine receptor mRNA levels in calorie-restricted offspring. Transcripts show significant regional differences. There are no significant effects of Maternal Diet or interactions with Maternal Diet. (A,B) D1 dopamine receptor (Drd1) mRNA levels significantly differ among brain regions in (A) females and (B) males: NAc > mPFC ≈ POA/HYP > HPC > VTA. (C,D) D2 dopamine receptor (Drd2) mRNA levels significantly differ among brain regions in (C) females and (D) males: NAc > VTA > POA/HYP > mPFC > HPC. Abbreviations: mPFC, medial prefrontal cortex; NAc, nucleus accumbens; VTA, ventral tegmental area; HPC, hippocampus; POA/HYP, preoptic area/hypothalamus. All values are relative to POA/HYP of female control ad libitum-fed offspring. Data are presented as mean ± 95% CI. Sample sizes = 9-10/group.

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Print ISSN:
0022-0795
Online ISSN:
1479-6805
Copyright:
© Society for Endocrinology 2021
Page(s):
20
Article Type:
Research Article
Received Date:
22 Sep 2021
Accepted Date:
28 Sep 2021
Print Publication Date:
01 Dec 2021
Online Publication Date:
05 Nov 2021
Keywords:
neurosteroids; mesocorticolimbic system; mass spectrometry; sugar; progressive ratio

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