Biological sex modifies aldosterone’s secretion at a cellular level

in Journal of Endocrinology
Authors:
Shadi K Gholami Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA

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https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1429-118X
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Chee Sin Tay Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

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Jessica M Lee Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

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Eleanor Zagoren Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA

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Stephen A Maris Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
Department of Exercise Science and Athletic Training, Springfield College, Springfield, Massachusetts, USA

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Jian Yao Wong Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

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https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9031-9469
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Amanda E Garza Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA

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Ezgi Caliskan Guzelce Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA

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Luminita H Pojoga Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA

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Gail K Adler Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA

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Jose R Romero Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA

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Gordon H Williams Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA

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Correspondence should be addressed to G H Williams: gwilliams@bwh.harvard.edu

*(S K Gholami, C S Tay and J M Lee contributed equally to this work)

DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/JOE-21-0126
Volume/Issue:
Volume 252: Issue 1
Article Type:
Research Article
Page Range:
1–13
Online Publication Date:
24 Nov 2021
Copyright:
© Society for Endocrinology 2021
Restricted access
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Inconsistencies have been reported on the effect of sex on aldosterone (ALDO) levels leading to clinical confusion. The reasons for these inconsistencies are uncertain but include estrogen and/or its receptor modulating target gene responses to mineralocorticoid receptor activation and ALDO secretagogues’ levels. This study’s goal was to determine whether ALDO’s biosynthesis also differed by sex. Two approaches were used. First, plasma renin activity and aldosterone were measured in rats. Both were significantly higher in males. Secondly, using rat zona glomerulosa (ZG) cells, we assessed three ex vivo areas: (1) activity/levels of early steps in ALDO’s biosynthesis (StAR and CYP11A1); (2) activity/levels of a late step (CYP11B2); and (3) the status of the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR)-mediated, ultrashort feedback loop. Females had higher expression of CYP11A1 and StAR and increased CYP11A1 activity (increased pregnenolone/corticosterone levels) but did not differ in CYP11B2 expression or activity (ALDO levels). Activating the ZG’s MR (thereby activating the ultrashort feedback loop) reduced CYP11B2’s activity similarly in both sexes. Exvivo, these molecular effects were accompanied, in females, by lower ALDO basally but higher ALDO with angiotensin II stimulation. In conclusion, we documented that not only was there a sex-mediated difference in the activity of ALDO’s biosynthesis but also these differences at the molecular level help explain the variable reports on ALDO’s circulating levels. Basally, both in vivo and ex vivo, males had higher ALDO levels, likely secondary to higher ALDO secretagogue levels. However, in response to acute stimulation, ALDO levels are higher in females because of the greater levels and/or activity of their StAR/CYP11A1.

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Print ISSN:
0022-0795
Online ISSN:
1479-6805
Copyright:
© Society for Endocrinology 2021
Page(s):
13
Article Type:
Research Article
Received Date:
06 Oct 2021
Accepted Date:
12 Oct 2021
Print Publication Date:
01 Jan 2022
Online Publication Date:
24 Nov 2021
Keywords:
sex; aldosterone biosynthesis; CYP11B2; CYP11A1; StAR; Zonal Glomerulosa; corticosterone; pregnenolone

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