Human gut microbiota and endocrinology: paradigm shift from genome to its regulation

in Journal of Endocrinology
Authors:
Matthew T F Lamaudière Centre for Health & Life Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry, UK
Medicines & Healthcare products Regulatory Agency, Research and Innovation group, Hertfordshire, UK

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Mark C Turner Centre for Health & Life Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry, UK

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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5503-6188
,
Ramesh P Arasaradnam Divison of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Warwick, UK
Institute of Precision & Diagnostic Medicine, University Hospitals of Coventry and Warwickshire, NHS trust, Coventry, UK

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Igor Y Morozov Centre for Health & Life Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry, UK

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https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0927-0309

Correspondence should be addressed to I Y Morozov: ab6069@coventry.ac.uk
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/JOE-23-0348
Volume/Issue:
Volume 260: Issue 2
Article Type:
Review Article
Article ID:
e230348
Online Publication Date:
22 Jan 2024
Copyright:
© the author(s) 2024
Restricted access
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Over the last two decades, it has become clear that the human gut microbiota, a complex community of bacteria, archaea, fungi and viruses, are a critical determinant of human health and disease. Microbiota-derived metabolites provide the host with energy, protect against pathogens, modulate immune and endocrine systems as well as the level of reactive oxygen species in the gut. It has come with no surprise that the human gut microbiota is also linked to the production, utilisation and regulation of host hormones. This implies that the gut microbiota is capable of influencing human behaviour, appetite regulation and metabolism as well as development and immunity. Many of the advances in the field of crosstalk between the gut microbiota and host health, disease and behaviours are generally based on DNA analyses of microbial populations and transplantation of monocultured commensal species to germ-free animals. Recent reports on the activity of the gut microbiota in gastrointestinal diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease and colorectal cancer have highlighted two important points. First, microbial DNA-based abundance does not always correlate with their level of activity and secondly, that metabolism of the complex gut microbiota is regulated by host health status, including the production and metabolism of several human hormones. In this review, we will discuss the lessons learnt from studying the activity and metabolism of the human gut microbiota in health and across gastrointestinal diseases, and how these findings can shape future research on the microbiome–gut–endocrine axis.

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Print ISSN:
0022-0795
Online ISSN:
1479-6805
Copyright:
© the author(s) 2024
Article ID:
e230348
Article Type:
Review Article
Received Date:
08 Nov 2023
Accepted Date:
19 Dec 2023
Print Publication Date:
01 Feb 2024
Online Publication Date:
22 Jan 2024
Keywords:
active gut microbiota; transcriptomics; neurotransmitters; colorectal cancer; behaviour

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