Endocrine response in cardiogenic shock complicating myocardial infarction: the prognostic value of growth hormone and IGF-1

in Journal of Endocrinology
Authors:
Priyanka Boettger Department of Medicine II, Heart-Center-Südwestfalen, St. Marien-Krankenhaus, Siegen, Germany
Department of Rheumatology, Osteology and Immunology, University Hospital Giessen, Campus Kerckhoff of Justus-Liebig-University, Bad Nauheim, Germany
Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany

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https://orcid.org/0009-0004-0534-132X
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Laura Pallmann Department of Medicine III (Cardiology, Angiology, Intensive Care Medicine), Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany

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Patrick Kellner Department of Medicine III (Cardiology, Angiology, Intensive Care Medicine), Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany

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Isabell Schellinger Department of Cardiology, Molecular and Translational Vascular Medicine, University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany

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Uwe Raaz Department of Cardiology, Molecular and Translational Vascular Medicine, University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany

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Nils Schulz Department of Rheumatology, Osteology and Immunology, University Hospital Giessen, Campus Kerckhoff of Justus-Liebig-University, Bad Nauheim, Germany

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Thomas Karrasch Department of Endocrinology, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany

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Henning Lemm Department of Medicine II, Heart-Center-Südwestfalen, St. Marien-Krankenhaus, Siegen, Germany
Department of Medicine III (Cardiology, Angiology, Intensive Care Medicine), Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany

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Arnd Christoph Department of Cardiology, St. Antonius-Hospital, Eschweiler, Germany

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Roland Prondzinsky Department of Medicine III (Cardiology, Angiology, Intensive Care Medicine), Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany

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Karl Werdan Department of Medicine III (Cardiology, Angiology, Intensive Care Medicine), Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany

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Michael Buerke Department of Medicine II, Heart-Center-Südwestfalen, St. Marien-Krankenhaus, Siegen, Germany
Department of Medicine III (Cardiology, Angiology, Intensive Care Medicine), Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany

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Correspondence should be addressed to M Buerke: m.buerke@marienkrankenhaus.de or to mbuerke@gmail.com
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/JOE-25-0077
Volume/Issue:
Volume 265: Issue 3
Article Type:
Research Article
Article ID:
e250077
Online Publication Date:
16 May 2025
Copyright:
© the author(s) 2025
Restricted access
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Cardiogenic shock (CS) is a life-threatening complication of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) with high mortality. Hormonal alterations during CS may offer prognostic insights. While growth hormone (GH) dynamics have been studied in heart failure, the role of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) in CS remains unclear. IGF-1 exerts cardioprotective effects, including reducing myocardial apoptosis after ischemia-reperfusion injury. This study examines temporal changes in GH and IGF-1 levels in CS and their prognostic value. The Halle-Cardiogenic Shock Registry included 41 AMI patients with CS. GH and IGF-1 levels were measured at admission and on day 1, 2 and 4 post-percutaneous coronary intervention. Differences were analyzed between survivors and non-survivors, as well as by age (<70 vs ≥70 years) and sex. We found that at admission, GH levels (2.86 ± 0.78 μg/L) were within the normal range in 75.6% of patients and showed no significant differences between survivors and non-survivors. IGF-1 levels (76.23 ± 5.67 μg/L) were at the lower end of normal and declined to 66.8 μg/L at 48–72 h (P = 0.14). Non-survivors had a more rapid IGF-1 decline, while survivors maintained stable levels. IGF-1 was higher in younger and male patients, while older and female patients showed a greater decline. We conclude that GH levels remained stable and lacked prognostic value, while IGF-1 decline correlated with disease severity and possible hepatic dysfunction. IGF-1 may serve as a biomarker for risk stratification and a therapeutic target for metabolic regulation and recovery in CS, warranting further investigation.

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Print ISSN:
0022-0795
Online ISSN:
1479-6805
Copyright:
© the author(s) 2025
Article ID:
e250077
Article Type:
Research Article
Received Date:
19 Feb 2025
Rev-recd:
08 Apr 2025
Accepted Date:
01 May 2025
Print Publication Date:
01 Jun 2025
Online Publication Date:
16 May 2025
Keywords:
cardiogenic shock; growth hormone; insulin-like growth factor-1; survivors; inflammatory; myocardial infarction

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