Fresh and dried milk samples obtained during 1960–64 have been examined for antithyroid and goitrogenic activity in rats. In acute experiments milk caused a depression in the uptake of 131I. Samples taken during the spring months were most active in this respect. The iodine content of milk was not responsible for this depression. Calcium and fat in the amounts present in milk caused a decrease in uptake of 131I and the calcium content of milk was highest in the spring. In experiments involving feeding fresh or dried milk for 3 months neither thyroid enlargement nor interference with thyroid hormone synthesis was produced regularly though occasional samples caused some minor changes. There was no consistent evidence for goitrogenic activity in milk.
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