The luteotrophic effect of oestrogens is well documented and has recently been reviewed and discussed (Rothchild, 1965; Bogdanove, 1966). The effect appears to comprise stimulation of prolactin secretion as well as potentiation of the ovarian response to the gonadotrophin. In the special case of the lactating rat high doses of oestrogens result in enlargement of the preformed corpora lutea and also in inhibition of milk secretion. The poorly understood adverse effect of oestrogens on lactation seems, in this species, to be mediated through the ovaries, probably through the corpora lutea (Barsantini & Masson, 1947). The assumption that administration of oestrogens to the lactating rat may lead to alteration of the luteal function is supported by some results on ovarian enzyme activities reported in this communication.
Among the enzymes assayed was the NADP-dependent malate dehydrogenase ('malic' or malate enzyme), which may be of particular importance in the biosynthesis of lipids (Wise
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