The presence of a gonadotrophin-inhibiting substance in human urine which inhibits the uterine stimulatory effects of human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) and ovine luteinizing hormone (LH) has been reported (Soffer, Futterweit & Salvaneschi, 1961; Soffer, Salvaneschi & Futterweit, 1962; Soffer & Fogel, 1963) and has been confirmed (Ota, Dronkert & Gates, 1968a; Davis, Hyde & Hipkin, 1966; Saito, 1965). There is also evidence that the pineal body contains gonadotrophin-inhibiting substances. An overall increase in ovarian weight can be prevented by the administration of pineal extracts (Wurtman, Altschule & Holmgren, 1959). Recently, Soffer, Fogel & Rudavsky (1965) reported that, using the mouse uterine weight assay, bovine pineal gland extract inhibited the stimulatory effect on both human chorionic and menopausal gonadotrophins, while melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxy tryptamine), which is secreted by the pineal gland and inhibits ovarian growth and the incidence of oestrus in rats (Wurtman, Axelrod & Chu, 1963), has no such
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