1-Oxygenated steroids were recognized during preliminary characterization of substances isolated from the urine of two hypertensive infants (Edwards, Harvey & Knight-Jones, 1968; Edwards & Trafford, 1968) with raised values of the steroid 11-oxygenation index (Edwards, Makin & Barrett, 1964; B. E. Clayton, R. W. H. Edwards & H. L. J. Makin, in preparation). Shortly afterwards, Gower, Daly, Snodgrass & Stern (1970) described a 15-month-old female child with a virilizing adrenocortical carcinoma, who was excreting large quantities of dehydroepiandrosterone and monofunctional C19-Δ16-steroids together with increased quantities of testosterone, oestrogens and pregnanediol. Since this child was also hypertensive (blood pressure ranged from 160/85 to 180/115 mmHg) and had a urinary steroid 11-oxygenation index of 1·3 (upper limit of normal 0·7 at the 90% level) it was decided to look for 1-oxygenated steroids in her urine.
Examination of qualitative, two-dimensional paper chromatograms (Edwards, 1968) of urinary extracts with the
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