M.R.C. Unit of Reproductive Biology, 2 Forrest Road, Edinburgh, EH1 2QW
(Received 11 June 1976)
Testosterone treatment of female mammals during a critical period of foetal or neonatal life affects their postpubertal endocrine and behavioural activity. For example, it prevents the occurrence of regular ovulatory cycles in adult rats (Barraclough & Gorski, 1961), guinea-pigs (Brown-Grant & Sherwood, 1971), hamsters (Swanson & Brayshaw, 1973) and sheep (Short, 1974), which is apparently due to a failure of oestrogen to facilitate the release of luteinizing hormone (positive feedback) (Brown-Grant, 1974; Short, 1974). Positive feedback is a sexually dimorphic character in sheep and is only shown by ewes (Short, 1974; Karsch & Foster, 1975). Female sheep foetuses exposed to testosterone from days 20 or 60 of gestation until birth not only failed to show positive feedback (Short, 1974), but were incapable of displaying behavioural oestrus, even when given 800 μg oestradiol benzoate (OB) (I.
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