The production of 5α-androstane-3α,17β-diol (androstanediol), androsterone and testosterone by whole rat testes and testicular interstitial cells dispersed with collagenase was studied in vitro. Luteinizing hormone stimulated the production of each of the androgens by cells prepared from 31- to 34-day-old rats. Half maximum stimulation of the production of each androgen occurred with approximately 3·5 ng NIH-LH-B9/ml medium. Androstanediol was the predominant product then androsterone and then testosterone. Luteinizing hormone stimulated the production of testosterone, but not androstanediol or androsterone by dispersed interstitial cells from 200-day-old rats. The time-course of production and the effect of the concentration of cells on the production of these androgens suggested that in dispersed testicular interstitial cells from immature animals androstanediol and androsterone are formed, at least partially, by the metabolism of testosterone. In these experiments LH-stimulated testosterone production increased during incubation for 15–60 min and then remained constant up to 180 min. The concentrations of androstanediol and androsterone increased in a linear manner during incubation for 60–180 min. Varying the number of cells incubated yielded a positive correlation between cell concentration and the ratio 5α-reduced androgen: testosterone produced. Luteinizing hormone stimulated production of each androgen by whole testes obtained from rats at 30–175 days of age. The serum concentration of testosterone in these rats increased abruptly at 50 days of age. Significant changes in androgen production in vitro also observed at this age included: (1) increased production of the three steroids when incubated in either the presence or absence of LH and (2) testosterone production, either in the presence or absence of LH, which represented a greater percentage of the total production of the three androgens.
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