The effects of prolactin on steroidogenesis were studied in dispersed luteal cells prepared from human corpora lutea of the menstrual cycle. Prolactin, at concentrations of 0·1–1000 ng/ml, had no effect on progesterone production by luteal cells during short-term incubation (3 h). However, in two out of five corpora lutea, higher concentrations of prolactin (100 and 1000 ng/ml) significantly reduced the oestradiol-17β production induced by human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG; 10 i.u./ml); lower doses of prolactin had little effect. In the remaining corpora lutea, prolactin failed to affect either basal or hCG-induced production of oestradiol-17β. These results are discussed in relation to the mechanism by which prolactin influences human ovarian function.
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