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João A B Pedroso Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

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Pedro O R de Mendonca Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

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Marco A S Fortes Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

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Igor Tomaz Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

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Vitor L Pecorali Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

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Thais B Auricino Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

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Ismael C Costa Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

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Leandro B Lima Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

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Isadora C Furigo Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

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Debora N Bueno Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

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Angela M Ramos-Lobo Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

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Claudimara F P Lotfi Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

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Jose Donato Jr Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

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exercise, which highlights a possible participation of this protein in the regulation of training adaptations. In the present study, we hypothesize that exercise-induced cytokine signaling plays a pivotal role in the training adaptations, which may depend

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Anne-Marie Neumann Institute of Neurobiology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany

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Cathleen Geißler Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
Institute for Human Genetics, Epigenetics and Metabolism Lab, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany

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Violetta Pilorz Institute of Neurobiology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany

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Iwona Olejniczak Institute of Neurobiology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany

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Alfor G Lewis Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA

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Randy J Seeley Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA

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Orr Shomroni Transcriptome and Genome Analysis Core Unit, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany

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Gabriela Salinas-Riester Transcriptome and Genome Analysis Core Unit, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany

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Henriette Kirchner Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
Institute for Human Genetics, Epigenetics and Metabolism Lab, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Bayern, Germany

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Henrik Oster Institute of Neurobiology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany

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, these data indicate that after bariatric surgery, a circadian phase-specific and, thus, potentially clock regulated meal pattern adaptation takes place accompanying the transition from a catabolic to an anabolic energy state around 10 days post

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A J Forhead Department of Physiology, Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Physiology Building, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EG, UK
Department of Physiology, Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Physiology Building, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EG, UK

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A L Fowden Department of Physiology, Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Physiology Building, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EG, UK

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& Forhead 2009 , 2013 ). Deficiency of thyroid hormones during intrauterine development impairs growth of the fetus and compromises its adaptation to extrauterine life ( Fowden et al . 1998 , Hillman et al . 2012 , Sferruzzi-Perri et al . 2013

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Sandra Steensels TARGID, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium

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Matthias Lannoo Abdominal Surgery, University Hospital of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium

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Bert Avau TARGID, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium

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Jorien Laermans TARGID, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium

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Laurien Vancleef TARGID, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium

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Ricard Farré TARGID, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium

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Kristin Verbeke TARGID, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium

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Inge Depoortere TARGID, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium

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structural changes in gut morphology ( Seeley et al. 2015 ). Our study provides novel mechanistic insights demonstrating that α-gust − / − mice do not ‘sense’ the need for morphological adaptations when deprived (BPL) or overexposed (RL) to undigested

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Marian Joëls Department of Translational Neuroscience, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands
University of Groningen, University Medical Center, Groningen, The Netherlands

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E Ronald de Kloet Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands

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maintain homeostasis and to promote behavioural adaptation: ‘ The MR:GR balance hypothesis predicts that upon imbalance of these receptor functions threats to homeostasis are less well communicated and coordinated among the various glucocorticoid targets

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Sophie M T Wehrens Centre for Chronobiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK

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Shelagh M Hampton Centre for Chronobiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK

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Rebecca E Finn Centre for Chronobiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK

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Debra J Skene Centre for Chronobiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK

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( Knutsson et al . 1986 , Schernhammer et al . 2001 ). Long-term shift work may lead to either adaptation or sensitisation to the effects of sleep deprivation. This suggests that non-shift workers and experienced shift workers may respond differently when

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Shannon M Gifford Perinatal Research Laboratories, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin – Madison, 7E Meriter Hospital/Park, 202 South Park Street, Madison, Wisconsin 53715, USA

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Fu-Xian Yi Perinatal Research Laboratories, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin – Madison, 7E Meriter Hospital/Park, 202 South Park Street, Madison, Wisconsin 53715, USA

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Ian M Bird Perinatal Research Laboratories, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin – Madison, 7E Meriter Hospital/Park, 202 South Park Street, Madison, Wisconsin 53715, USA

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adaptation at the level of Ca 2+ signaling in UAEC. In addition, we study the ability of the cells to allow influx via capacitative entry (CCE) independent of the agonist. We find that it is not a change in receptor subtype or coupling but rather the greater

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Marian Joëls Department of Translational Neuroscience, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands

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adaptation. This hormonal response involves several well-described steps. Directly after stress, circuits involving the brainstem lead to activation of the sympathetic nervous system, causing enhanced release of adrenaline from the adrenal medulla ( Wong et

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M G Gnanalingham Centre for Reproduction and Early Life, Institute of Clinical Research, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
Department of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Quality Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
Faculté de Médecine Necker-Enfants-Malades, CNRS-UPR 9078, Paris, France

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A Mostyn Centre for Reproduction and Early Life, Institute of Clinical Research, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
Department of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Quality Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
Faculté de Médecine Necker-Enfants-Malades, CNRS-UPR 9078, Paris, France

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J Wang Centre for Reproduction and Early Life, Institute of Clinical Research, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
Department of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Quality Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
Faculté de Médecine Necker-Enfants-Malades, CNRS-UPR 9078, Paris, France

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R Webb Centre for Reproduction and Early Life, Institute of Clinical Research, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
Department of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Quality Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
Faculté de Médecine Necker-Enfants-Malades, CNRS-UPR 9078, Paris, France

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D H Keisler Centre for Reproduction and Early Life, Institute of Clinical Research, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
Department of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Quality Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
Faculté de Médecine Necker-Enfants-Malades, CNRS-UPR 9078, Paris, France

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N Raver Centre for Reproduction and Early Life, Institute of Clinical Research, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
Department of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Quality Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
Faculté de Médecine Necker-Enfants-Malades, CNRS-UPR 9078, Paris, France

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M C Alves-Guerra Centre for Reproduction and Early Life, Institute of Clinical Research, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
Department of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Quality Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
Faculté de Médecine Necker-Enfants-Malades, CNRS-UPR 9078, Paris, France

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C Pecqueur Centre for Reproduction and Early Life, Institute of Clinical Research, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
Department of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Quality Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
Faculté de Médecine Necker-Enfants-Malades, CNRS-UPR 9078, Paris, France

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B Miroux Centre for Reproduction and Early Life, Institute of Clinical Research, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
Department of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Quality Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
Faculté de Médecine Necker-Enfants-Malades, CNRS-UPR 9078, Paris, France

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T Stephenson Centre for Reproduction and Early Life, Institute of Clinical Research, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
Department of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Quality Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
Faculté de Médecine Necker-Enfants-Malades, CNRS-UPR 9078, Paris, France

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M E Symonds Centre for Reproduction and Early Life, Institute of Clinical Research, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
Department of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Quality Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
Faculté de Médecine Necker-Enfants-Malades, CNRS-UPR 9078, Paris, France

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after birth and then rapidly decreases over the first month of life ( Gnanalingham et al. 2005 ). This developmental pattern of expression is similar to that described for UCP1 in ovine BAT, suggesting UCP2 has a critical role in metabolic adaptation

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Shona Wood Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK

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Andrew Loudon Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK

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mechanisms allowing organisms to predict key environmental changes. Mammals exhibit a remarkably wide spectrum of seasonal physiological adaptations, which includes annual cycles of growth, metabolism, thermogenesis, fattening and weight loss, hibernation

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