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Shoshana Yakar
Shoshana Yakar
National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
St Francis Hospital and Medical Center, Hartford, Connecticut, USA
Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
Mattel Hospital for Children, Los Angeles California, USA
The Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Maine, USA
Maine Center for Osteoporosis Research and Education, St Joseph Hospital, Maine, USA
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Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
St Francis Hospital and Medical Center, Hartford, Connecticut, USA
Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
Mattel Hospital for Children, Los Angeles California, USA
The Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Maine, USA
Maine Center for Osteoporosis Research and Education, St Joseph Hospital, Maine, USA
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Mary L Bouxsein
Mary L Bouxsein
National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
St Francis Hospital and Medical Center, Hartford, Connecticut, USA
Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
Mattel Hospital for Children, Los Angeles California, USA
The Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Maine, USA
Maine Center for Osteoporosis Research and Education, St Joseph Hospital, Maine, USA
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Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
St Francis Hospital and Medical Center, Hartford, Connecticut, USA
Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
Mattel Hospital for Children, Los Angeles California, USA
The Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Maine, USA
Maine Center for Osteoporosis Research and Education, St Joseph Hospital, Maine, USA
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Ernesto Canalis
Ernesto Canalis
National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
St Francis Hospital and Medical Center, Hartford, Connecticut, USA
Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
Mattel Hospital for Children, Los Angeles California, USA
The Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Maine, USA
Maine Center for Osteoporosis Research and Education, St Joseph Hospital, Maine, USA
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Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
St Francis Hospital and Medical Center, Hartford, Connecticut, USA
Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
Mattel Hospital for Children, Los Angeles California, USA
The Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Maine, USA
Maine Center for Osteoporosis Research and Education, St Joseph Hospital, Maine, USA
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Hui Sun
Hui Sun
National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
St Francis Hospital and Medical Center, Hartford, Connecticut, USA
Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
Mattel Hospital for Children, Los Angeles California, USA
The Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Maine, USA
Maine Center for Osteoporosis Research and Education, St Joseph Hospital, Maine, USA
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Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
St Francis Hospital and Medical Center, Hartford, Connecticut, USA
Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
Mattel Hospital for Children, Los Angeles California, USA
The Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Maine, USA
Maine Center for Osteoporosis Research and Education, St Joseph Hospital, Maine, USA
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Vaida Glatt
Vaida Glatt
National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
St Francis Hospital and Medical Center, Hartford, Connecticut, USA
Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
Mattel Hospital for Children, Los Angeles California, USA
The Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Maine, USA
Maine Center for Osteoporosis Research and Education, St Joseph Hospital, Maine, USA
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Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
St Francis Hospital and Medical Center, Hartford, Connecticut, USA
Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
Mattel Hospital for Children, Los Angeles California, USA
The Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Maine, USA
Maine Center for Osteoporosis Research and Education, St Joseph Hospital, Maine, USA
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Caren Gundberg
Caren Gundberg
National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
St Francis Hospital and Medical Center, Hartford, Connecticut, USA
Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
Mattel Hospital for Children, Los Angeles California, USA
The Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Maine, USA
Maine Center for Osteoporosis Research and Education, St Joseph Hospital, Maine, USA
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Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
St Francis Hospital and Medical Center, Hartford, Connecticut, USA
Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
Mattel Hospital for Children, Los Angeles California, USA
The Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Maine, USA
Maine Center for Osteoporosis Research and Education, St Joseph Hospital, Maine, USA
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Pinchas Cohen
Pinchas Cohen
National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
St Francis Hospital and Medical Center, Hartford, Connecticut, USA
Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
Mattel Hospital for Children, Los Angeles California, USA
The Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Maine, USA
Maine Center for Osteoporosis Research and Education, St Joseph Hospital, Maine, USA
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Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
St Francis Hospital and Medical Center, Hartford, Connecticut, USA
Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
Mattel Hospital for Children, Los Angeles California, USA
The Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Maine, USA
Maine Center for Osteoporosis Research and Education, St Joseph Hospital, Maine, USA
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David Hwang
David Hwang
National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
St Francis Hospital and Medical Center, Hartford, Connecticut, USA
Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
Mattel Hospital for Children, Los Angeles California, USA
The Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Maine, USA
Maine Center for Osteoporosis Research and Education, St Joseph Hospital, Maine, USA
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Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
St Francis Hospital and Medical Center, Hartford, Connecticut, USA
Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
Mattel Hospital for Children, Los Angeles California, USA
The Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Maine, USA
Maine Center for Osteoporosis Research and Education, St Joseph Hospital, Maine, USA
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Yves Boisclair
Yves Boisclair
National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
St Francis Hospital and Medical Center, Hartford, Connecticut, USA
Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
Mattel Hospital for Children, Los Angeles California, USA
The Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Maine, USA
Maine Center for Osteoporosis Research and Education, St Joseph Hospital, Maine, USA
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Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
St Francis Hospital and Medical Center, Hartford, Connecticut, USA
Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
Mattel Hospital for Children, Los Angeles California, USA
The Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Maine, USA
Maine Center for Osteoporosis Research and Education, St Joseph Hospital, Maine, USA
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Derek LeRoith
Derek LeRoith
National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
St Francis Hospital and Medical Center, Hartford, Connecticut, USA
Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
Mattel Hospital for Children, Los Angeles California, USA
The Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Maine, USA
Maine Center for Osteoporosis Research and Education, St Joseph Hospital, Maine, USA
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Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
St Francis Hospital and Medical Center, Hartford, Connecticut, USA
Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
Mattel Hospital for Children, Los Angeles California, USA
The Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Maine, USA
Maine Center for Osteoporosis Research and Education, St Joseph Hospital, Maine, USA
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Clifford J Rosen
Clifford J Rosen
National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
St Francis Hospital and Medical Center, Hartford, Connecticut, USA
Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
Mattel Hospital for Children, Los Angeles California, USA
The Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Maine, USA
Maine Center for Osteoporosis Research and Education, St Joseph Hospital, Maine, USA
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Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
St Francis Hospital and Medical Center, Hartford, Connecticut, USA
Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
Mattel Hospital for Children, Los Angeles California, USA
The Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Maine, USA
Maine Center for Osteoporosis Research and Education, St Joseph Hospital, Maine, USA
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differentiation and mineralization, and can stimulate osteoclast recruitment ( Mochizuki et al. 1992 , Zhao et al. 2000 , Rubin et al. 2002 , Zhang et al. 2002 ). Serum IGF-I levels correlate positively with bone mineral density (BMD) and negatively
K Rousseau
K Rousseau
Faculties of Life Sciences and
Medicine, Stopford Building, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
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Medicine, Stopford Building, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
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Z Atcha
Z Atcha
Faculties of Life Sciences and
Medicine, Stopford Building, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
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Medicine, Stopford Building, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
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J Denton
J Denton
Faculties of Life Sciences and
Medicine, Stopford Building, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
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Medicine, Stopford Building, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
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F R A Cagampang
F R A Cagampang
Faculties of Life Sciences and
Medicine, Stopford Building, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
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Medicine, Stopford Building, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
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A R Ennos
A R Ennos
Faculties of Life Sciences and
Medicine, Stopford Building, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
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Medicine, Stopford Building, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
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A J Freemont
A J Freemont
Faculties of Life Sciences and
Medicine, Stopford Building, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
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Medicine, Stopford Building, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
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A S I Loudon
A S I Loudon
Faculties of Life Sciences and
Medicine, Stopford Building, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
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Medicine, Stopford Building, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
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significant role in the development and remodelling of bone. Here, the action of leptin may depend upon its route of administration. Ducy et al. (2000) have reported that obese mice deficient in leptin production ( ob/ob genotype) or devoid of functional
Saranyapin Potikanond
Saranyapin Potikanond
Department of Pharmacology, Neurophysiology Unit, Center of Calcium and Bone Research (COCAB), Department of Physiology, Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
Department of Pharmacology, Neurophysiology Unit, Center of Calcium and Bone Research (COCAB), Department of Physiology, Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
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Department of Pharmacology, Neurophysiology Unit, Center of Calcium and Bone Research (COCAB), Department of Physiology, Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
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Pinyada Rattanachote
Pinyada Rattanachote
Department of Pharmacology, Neurophysiology Unit, Center of Calcium and Bone Research (COCAB), Department of Physiology, Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
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Hiranya Pintana
Hiranya Pintana
Department of Pharmacology, Neurophysiology Unit, Center of Calcium and Bone Research (COCAB), Department of Physiology, Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
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Panan Suntornsaratoon
Panan Suntornsaratoon
Department of Pharmacology, Neurophysiology Unit, Center of Calcium and Bone Research (COCAB), Department of Physiology, Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
Department of Pharmacology, Neurophysiology Unit, Center of Calcium and Bone Research (COCAB), Department of Physiology, Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
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Department of Pharmacology, Neurophysiology Unit, Center of Calcium and Bone Research (COCAB), Department of Physiology, Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
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Narattaphol Charoenphandhu
Narattaphol Charoenphandhu
Department of Pharmacology, Neurophysiology Unit, Center of Calcium and Bone Research (COCAB), Department of Physiology, Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
Department of Pharmacology, Neurophysiology Unit, Center of Calcium and Bone Research (COCAB), Department of Physiology, Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
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Department of Pharmacology, Neurophysiology Unit, Center of Calcium and Bone Research (COCAB), Department of Physiology, Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
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Nipon Chattipakorn
Nipon Chattipakorn
Department of Pharmacology, Neurophysiology Unit, Center of Calcium and Bone Research (COCAB), Department of Physiology, Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
Department of Pharmacology, Neurophysiology Unit, Center of Calcium and Bone Research (COCAB), Department of Physiology, Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
Department of Pharmacology, Neurophysiology Unit, Center of Calcium and Bone Research (COCAB), Department of Physiology, Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
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Department of Pharmacology, Neurophysiology Unit, Center of Calcium and Bone Research (COCAB), Department of Physiology, Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
Department of Pharmacology, Neurophysiology Unit, Center of Calcium and Bone Research (COCAB), Department of Physiology, Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
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Siriporn Chattipakorn
Siriporn Chattipakorn
Department of Pharmacology, Neurophysiology Unit, Center of Calcium and Bone Research (COCAB), Department of Physiology, Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
Department of Pharmacology, Neurophysiology Unit, Center of Calcium and Bone Research (COCAB), Department of Physiology, Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
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Department of Pharmacology, Neurophysiology Unit, Center of Calcium and Bone Research (COCAB), Department of Physiology, Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
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Introduction Insulin and insulin receptors play important roles in bone development and in promoting bone formation ( Pun et al . 1989 , Fulzele et al . 2010 ). Several studies have demonstrated that the downstream signaling molecules of insulin
Lin-Yu Jin
Lin-Yu Jin
Department of spinal surgery, Peking University People’s Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China
Department of spinal surgery, enji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
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Department of spinal surgery, enji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
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Zhen-Dong Lv
Zhen-Dong Lv
Department of spinal surgery, enji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
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Xin-Jin Su
Xin-Jin Su
Department of spinal surgery, enji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
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Shuai Xu
Shuai Xu
Department of spinal surgery, Peking University People’s Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China
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Hai-Ying Liu
Hai-Ying Liu
Department of spinal surgery, Peking University People’s Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China
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Xin-Feng Li
Xin-Feng Li
Department of spinal surgery, enji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
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between the epiphyseal and metaphyseal bone and consists of three zones: reserve zone (RZ), proliferative zone (PZ), and hypertrophic zone (HZ) ( Hunziker 1994 , Abad et al. 2002 ). Chondrocytes located in the RZ have been reported to possess stem
E Mrak
E Mrak
Bone Metabolic Unit,
Endocrine Unit, Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Via Olgettina, 60, 20132 Milano, Italy
Department of Pharmacology, Chemotherapy and Medical Toxicology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Endocrine Unit, Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Via Olgettina, 60, 20132 Milano, Italy
Department of Pharmacology, Chemotherapy and Medical Toxicology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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I Villa
I Villa
Bone Metabolic Unit,
Endocrine Unit, Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Via Olgettina, 60, 20132 Milano, Italy
Department of Pharmacology, Chemotherapy and Medical Toxicology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Endocrine Unit, Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Via Olgettina, 60, 20132 Milano, Italy
Department of Pharmacology, Chemotherapy and Medical Toxicology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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R Lanzi
R Lanzi
Bone Metabolic Unit,
Endocrine Unit, Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Via Olgettina, 60, 20132 Milano, Italy
Department of Pharmacology, Chemotherapy and Medical Toxicology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Endocrine Unit, Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Via Olgettina, 60, 20132 Milano, Italy
Department of Pharmacology, Chemotherapy and Medical Toxicology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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M Losa
M Losa
Bone Metabolic Unit,
Endocrine Unit, Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Via Olgettina, 60, 20132 Milano, Italy
Department of Pharmacology, Chemotherapy and Medical Toxicology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Endocrine Unit, Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Via Olgettina, 60, 20132 Milano, Italy
Department of Pharmacology, Chemotherapy and Medical Toxicology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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F Guidobono
F Guidobono
Bone Metabolic Unit,
Endocrine Unit, Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Via Olgettina, 60, 20132 Milano, Italy
Department of Pharmacology, Chemotherapy and Medical Toxicology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Endocrine Unit, Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Via Olgettina, 60, 20132 Milano, Italy
Department of Pharmacology, Chemotherapy and Medical Toxicology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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A Rubinacci
A Rubinacci
Bone Metabolic Unit,
Endocrine Unit, Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Via Olgettina, 60, 20132 Milano, Italy
Department of Pharmacology, Chemotherapy and Medical Toxicology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Endocrine Unit, Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Via Olgettina, 60, 20132 Milano, Italy
Department of Pharmacology, Chemotherapy and Medical Toxicology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Introduction Besides growth hormone (GH) effect on skeletal growth, the hormone plays a regulatory role on bone remodeling through the concerted action of GH itself, insulin-like growth factors (IGFs), and IGF-binding protein (IGFBP
David J Mellis
David J Mellis
Musculoskeletal Research Programme, University of Aberdeen, Institute of Medical Sciences, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB252ZD, UK
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Cecile Itzstein
Cecile Itzstein
Musculoskeletal Research Programme, University of Aberdeen, Institute of Medical Sciences, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB252ZD, UK
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Miep H Helfrich
Miep H Helfrich
Musculoskeletal Research Programme, University of Aberdeen, Institute of Medical Sciences, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB252ZD, UK
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Julie C Crockett
Julie C Crockett
Musculoskeletal Research Programme, University of Aberdeen, Institute of Medical Sciences, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB252ZD, UK
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Introduction Osteoclasts are required during skeletal development to form and shape bones and throughout life in the process of remodelling that maintains the bone tissue in a healthy state by the continual repair of microfractures (reviewed in
Patricia K Russell
Patricia K Russell
Department of Medicine, Austin Health, University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
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Salvatore Mangiafico
Salvatore Mangiafico
Department of Medicine, Austin Health, University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
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Barbara C Fam
Barbara C Fam
Department of Medicine, Austin Health, University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
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Michele V Clarke
Michele V Clarke
Department of Medicine, Austin Health, University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
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Evelyn S Marin
Evelyn S Marin
Department of Medicine, Austin Health, University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
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Sofianos Andrikopoulos
Sofianos Andrikopoulos
Department of Medicine, Austin Health, University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
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Kristine M Wiren
Kristine M Wiren
Research Service, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Portland, Oregon, USA
Departments of Medicine and Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
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Departments of Medicine and Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
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Jeffrey D Zajac
Jeffrey D Zajac
Department of Medicine, Austin Health, University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
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Rachel A Davey
Rachel A Davey
Department of Medicine, Austin Health, University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
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of bone and body composition with many aspects of the regulation of these tissues being shared between mice and humans. We, and others, have shown in mice that the actions of testosterone to decrease fat mass are mediated via the androgen receptor (AR
Pegah JafariNasabian
Pegah JafariNasabian
Department of Nutrition, Food and Exercise Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
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Julia E Inglis
Julia E Inglis
Department of Nutrition, Food and Exercise Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
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Wendimere Reilly
Wendimere Reilly
Department of Nutrition, Food and Exercise Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
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Owen J Kelly
Owen J Kelly
Abbott Nutrition, Columbus, Ohio
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Jasminka Z Ilich
Jasminka Z Ilich
Department of Nutrition, Food and Exercise Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
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al. 2014 a ). As aging uniquely influences many physiological functions, the most observable are those regarding body composition changes, including loss of bone, loss of muscle mass and strength, and increased body fat leading to osteosarcopenic
Rhonda D Prisby
Rhonda D Prisby
Health and Kinesiology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Nutrition, Mechanical Engineering, INSERM U890, IFR 143, Université Jean-Monnet, Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology and the Center for Exercise Science, Departments of
Health and Kinesiology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Nutrition, Mechanical Engineering, INSERM U890, IFR 143, Université Jean-Monnet, Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology and the Center for Exercise Science, Departments of
Health and Kinesiology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Nutrition, Mechanical Engineering, INSERM U890, IFR 143, Université Jean-Monnet, Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology and the Center for Exercise Science, Departments of
Health and Kinesiology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Nutrition, Mechanical Engineering, INSERM U890, IFR 143, Université Jean-Monnet, Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology and the Center for Exercise Science, Departments of
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Health and Kinesiology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Nutrition, Mechanical Engineering, INSERM U890, IFR 143, Université Jean-Monnet, Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology and the Center for Exercise Science, Departments of
Health and Kinesiology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Nutrition, Mechanical Engineering, INSERM U890, IFR 143, Université Jean-Monnet, Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology and the Center for Exercise Science, Departments of
Health and Kinesiology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Nutrition, Mechanical Engineering, INSERM U890, IFR 143, Université Jean-Monnet, Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology and the Center for Exercise Science, Departments of
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Joshua M Swift
Joshua M Swift
Health and Kinesiology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Nutrition, Mechanical Engineering, INSERM U890, IFR 143, Université Jean-Monnet, Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology and the Center for Exercise Science, Departments of
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Susan A Bloomfield
Susan A Bloomfield
Health and Kinesiology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Nutrition, Mechanical Engineering, INSERM U890, IFR 143, Université Jean-Monnet, Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology and the Center for Exercise Science, Departments of
Health and Kinesiology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Nutrition, Mechanical Engineering, INSERM U890, IFR 143, Université Jean-Monnet, Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology and the Center for Exercise Science, Departments of
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Health and Kinesiology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Nutrition, Mechanical Engineering, INSERM U890, IFR 143, Université Jean-Monnet, Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology and the Center for Exercise Science, Departments of
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Harry A Hogan
Harry A Hogan
Health and Kinesiology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Nutrition, Mechanical Engineering, INSERM U890, IFR 143, Université Jean-Monnet, Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology and the Center for Exercise Science, Departments of
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Michael D Delp
Michael D Delp
Health and Kinesiology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Nutrition, Mechanical Engineering, INSERM U890, IFR 143, Université Jean-Monnet, Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology and the Center for Exercise Science, Departments of
Health and Kinesiology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Nutrition, Mechanical Engineering, INSERM U890, IFR 143, Université Jean-Monnet, Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology and the Center for Exercise Science, Departments of
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Health and Kinesiology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Nutrition, Mechanical Engineering, INSERM U890, IFR 143, Université Jean-Monnet, Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology and the Center for Exercise Science, Departments of
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reported association between osteoporosis and type 2 diabetes is less clear. The literature documents bone mineral densities (BMDs) of type 2 diabetic patients that are diminished ( Isaia et al . 1987 ), enhanced ( Van Daele et al . 1995 ), or similar
John N Stabley
John N Stabley
Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, Department of Kinesiology and Applied Physiology, Department of Kinesiology, Department of Nutrition, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
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Rhonda D Prisby
Rhonda D Prisby
Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, Department of Kinesiology and Applied Physiology, Department of Kinesiology, Department of Nutrition, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
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Bradley J Behnke
Bradley J Behnke
Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, Department of Kinesiology and Applied Physiology, Department of Kinesiology, Department of Nutrition, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, Department of Kinesiology and Applied Physiology, Department of Kinesiology, Department of Nutrition, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
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Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, Department of Kinesiology and Applied Physiology, Department of Kinesiology, Department of Nutrition, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
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Michael D Delp
Michael D Delp
Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, Department of Kinesiology and Applied Physiology, Department of Kinesiology, Department of Nutrition, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, Department of Kinesiology and Applied Physiology, Department of Kinesiology, Department of Nutrition, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
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Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, Department of Kinesiology and Applied Physiology, Department of Kinesiology, Department of Nutrition, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
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poor balance ( Schwartz 2003 , Melton et al . 2008 , Leslie et al . 2012 ). Emerging results also indicates a causal link between cardiovascular function and indices of bone health ( Parfitt 2000 , Farhat & Cauley 2008 , Lampropoulos et al . 2012
