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styles would abolish normal hepatic rhythmicity, leading to metabolic diseases ( Ferrell & Chiang 2015 ). Hepatic metabolism responds sensitively to external changes. For instance, thermoneutral housing (30°C) exacerbates nonalcoholic fatty liver

glucocorticoids, which induce and aggravate the risk of metabolic diseases in adult ( Bergmann et al. 2014 ). Our previous study found that PCE could increase the susceptibility of offspring to metabolic syndrome under high-fat diet and chronic stress conditions

life span . Nature Medicine 25 1822 – 1832 . ( https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-019-0675-0 ) Garcia-Martinez I Shaker ME Mehal WZ 2015 Therapeutic opportunities in damage-associated molecular pattern-driven metabolic diseases . Antioxidants and

with decreased lean mass and food intake and subcutaneous adiposity without cardiometabolic alterations. This observation underscores the potential for sex differences in metabolic diseases arising from the complements of sex-linked genes outside the

NETs may be involved in the development of inflammation and various metabolic diseases, including some kidney diseases and especially immune-related kidney disease ( Lee et al. 2017 ). Considering that inflammation is an important part of the process

the rest of the organism through microcirculation and the general blood circulation, which participates in inflammation regulation and obesity-dependent metabolic diseases ( Ouchi et al . 2011 ). Therefore, adipose tissue can be viewed as an

. Recently, evidence has been accumulated that intracellular glucocorticoid amplification in adipocytes by 11β-HSD1 contributes to central obesity and, consequently, promotes metabolic diseases in experimental animals ( Masuzaki et al . 2001 ) and humans

diabetes and other metabolic diseases in the offspring ( Silverman et al . 1995 , Hillier et al . 2007 ). It is known that GD alters normal fetal development and has a diabetogenic effect on the progeny. We have shown that GD affects both the apoptotic

Introduction Menopause increases the incidence of metabolic diseases. The loss of ovarian function is associated with increased visceral fat along with metabolic pathologies due to chronic inflammation ( Shoelson et al . 2007 ). The ovariectomy

compound effectively ameliorates hyperglycemia through inhibition of hepatic gluconeogenesis ( Jeong et al . 2014 ). As eugenol is an analogue of isoeugenol, thus isoeugenol could be another molecular target for metabolic disease. However, no detailed