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Isabela Teixeira Bonomo Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas - 5o andar, Departamento de Nutrição Aplicada, Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcântara Gomes

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Patrícia Cristina Lisboa Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas - 5o andar, Departamento de Nutrição Aplicada, Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcântara Gomes

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Magna Cottini Fonseca Passos Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas - 5o andar, Departamento de Nutrição Aplicada, Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcântara Gomes

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Simone Bezerra Alves Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas - 5o andar, Departamento de Nutrição Aplicada, Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcântara Gomes

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Adelina Martha Reis Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas - 5o andar, Departamento de Nutrição Aplicada, Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcântara Gomes

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Egberto Gaspar de Moura Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas - 5o andar, Departamento de Nutrição Aplicada, Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcântara Gomes

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metabolic rate ( Silva 2006 ), so this hypometabolic state can be related to the lower serum thyroid hormone levels found in these programmed animals. The lower serum thyroid hormone concentrations presented by adult BRO animals can be explained by the lower

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Johannes Klein
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Sören Westphal
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Daniel Kraus
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Britta Meier
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Nina Perwitz
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Volker Ott
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Mathias Fasshauer
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H Harald Klein
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, Heikkinen S, Rissanen A, Laakso M & Uusitupa M 1998 Synergistic effect of polymorphisms in uncoupling protein 1 and beta3-adrenergic receptor genes on basal metabolic rate in obese Finns [see comments]. Diabetologia 41 357 –361

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Arnaud Lacombe Departments of Human Genetics, Pediatrics, and Urology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Gonda Center, University of California, Room 6357, 695 Charles Young Drive South, Los Angeles, California 90095-7088, USA
Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U676, Hôpital Robert-Debré, 48 Boulevard Sérurier, F-75019 Paris, France
Department of Physiology and Pharmacology L334, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 Southwest Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, Oregon 97201-3098, USA
Institut de Physiologie et Biologie Cellulaires, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique-Unité Mixte de Recherche, 6187 Pôle Biologie Santé, 40 Avenue du Recteur Pineau, 86022 Poitiers, France
Mental Retardation Research Center, University of California, Neurosciences Research Building, 655 Charles Young Drive South, Los Angeles, California 90095-7088, USA

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Vincent Lelievre Departments of Human Genetics, Pediatrics, and Urology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Gonda Center, University of California, Room 6357, 695 Charles Young Drive South, Los Angeles, California 90095-7088, USA
Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U676, Hôpital Robert-Debré, 48 Boulevard Sérurier, F-75019 Paris, France
Department of Physiology and Pharmacology L334, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 Southwest Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, Oregon 97201-3098, USA
Institut de Physiologie et Biologie Cellulaires, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique-Unité Mixte de Recherche, 6187 Pôle Biologie Santé, 40 Avenue du Recteur Pineau, 86022 Poitiers, France
Mental Retardation Research Center, University of California, Neurosciences Research Building, 655 Charles Young Drive South, Los Angeles, California 90095-7088, USA

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Charles E Roselli Departments of Human Genetics, Pediatrics, and Urology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Gonda Center, University of California, Room 6357, 695 Charles Young Drive South, Los Angeles, California 90095-7088, USA
Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U676, Hôpital Robert-Debré, 48 Boulevard Sérurier, F-75019 Paris, France
Department of Physiology and Pharmacology L334, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 Southwest Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, Oregon 97201-3098, USA
Institut de Physiologie et Biologie Cellulaires, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique-Unité Mixte de Recherche, 6187 Pôle Biologie Santé, 40 Avenue du Recteur Pineau, 86022 Poitiers, France
Mental Retardation Research Center, University of California, Neurosciences Research Building, 655 Charles Young Drive South, Los Angeles, California 90095-7088, USA

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Jean-Marc Muller Departments of Human Genetics, Pediatrics, and Urology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Gonda Center, University of California, Room 6357, 695 Charles Young Drive South, Los Angeles, California 90095-7088, USA
Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U676, Hôpital Robert-Debré, 48 Boulevard Sérurier, F-75019 Paris, France
Department of Physiology and Pharmacology L334, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 Southwest Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, Oregon 97201-3098, USA
Institut de Physiologie et Biologie Cellulaires, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique-Unité Mixte de Recherche, 6187 Pôle Biologie Santé, 40 Avenue du Recteur Pineau, 86022 Poitiers, France
Mental Retardation Research Center, University of California, Neurosciences Research Building, 655 Charles Young Drive South, Los Angeles, California 90095-7088, USA

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James A Waschek Departments of Human Genetics, Pediatrics, and Urology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Gonda Center, University of California, Room 6357, 695 Charles Young Drive South, Los Angeles, California 90095-7088, USA
Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U676, Hôpital Robert-Debré, 48 Boulevard Sérurier, F-75019 Paris, France
Department of Physiology and Pharmacology L334, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 Southwest Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, Oregon 97201-3098, USA
Institut de Physiologie et Biologie Cellulaires, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique-Unité Mixte de Recherche, 6187 Pôle Biologie Santé, 40 Avenue du Recteur Pineau, 86022 Poitiers, France
Mental Retardation Research Center, University of California, Neurosciences Research Building, 655 Charles Young Drive South, Los Angeles, California 90095-7088, USA

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Eric Vilain Departments of Human Genetics, Pediatrics, and Urology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Gonda Center, University of California, Room 6357, 695 Charles Young Drive South, Los Angeles, California 90095-7088, USA
Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U676, Hôpital Robert-Debré, 48 Boulevard Sérurier, F-75019 Paris, France
Department of Physiology and Pharmacology L334, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 Southwest Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, Oregon 97201-3098, USA
Institut de Physiologie et Biologie Cellulaires, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique-Unité Mixte de Recherche, 6187 Pôle Biologie Santé, 40 Avenue du Recteur Pineau, 86022 Poitiers, France
Mental Retardation Research Center, University of California, Neurosciences Research Building, 655 Charles Young Drive South, Los Angeles, California 90095-7088, USA

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increased basal metabolic rate. Endocrinology 143 3994 –4006. van der Beek EM , Wiegant VM, van der Donk HA, van den Hurk R & Buijs RM 1993 Lesions of the suprachiasmatic nucleus indicate the presence of a direct vasoactive

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Pegah JafariNasabian Department of Nutrition, Food and Exercise Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA

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Julia E Inglis Department of Nutrition, Food and Exercise Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA

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Wendimere Reilly Department of Nutrition, Food and Exercise Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA

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Owen J Kelly Abbott Nutrition, Columbus, Ohio

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Jasminka Z Ilich Department of Nutrition, Food and Exercise Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA

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–25% decrease in basal (resting) metabolic rate, leading, most notably, to gain in body weight and body fat, even with the unchanged dietary (energy) intake and exercise habits ( St-Onge & Gallagher 2010 ). For example, for most individuals, body fat starts

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Flavia F Bloise Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Laboratory of Translational Endocrinology, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

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Aline Cordeiro Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Laboratory of Translational Endocrinology, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

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Tania Maria Ortiga-Carvalho Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Laboratory of Translational Endocrinology, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

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nuclear and mitochondrial genome pathways, mediated by THR and p43, respectively, and also by increased Pgc1a expression. TH stimulates UCP3 expression that uncouples ATP synthesis. Overall, TH increases oxygen consumption and the resting metabolic rate

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Margo P Emont Life Sciences Institute, Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, 210 Washtenaw Avenue, LSI, RM5115A, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
Life Sciences Institute, Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, 210 Washtenaw Avenue, LSI, RM5115A, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA

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Hui Yu Life Sciences Institute, Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, 210 Washtenaw Avenue, LSI, RM5115A, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA

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Jun Wu Life Sciences Institute, Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, 210 Washtenaw Avenue, LSI, RM5115A, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
Life Sciences Institute, Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, 210 Washtenaw Avenue, LSI, RM5115A, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA

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5′ iodine on T 4 to form the metabolically active form of thyroid hormone, triiodothyronine (T 3 ) ( Yen 2001 ). T 3 is responsible for increasing the metabolic rate and it has been shown to work in concert with norepinephrine to induce

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Christina Antza Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK

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Georgios Kostopoulos Department of Endocrinology, 424 General Military Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece

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Samiul Mostafa Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK

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Krishnarajah Nirantharakumar Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
Centre of Endocrinology Diabetes and Metabolism, Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham, UK

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Abd Tahrani Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
Centre of Endocrinology Diabetes and Metabolism, Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham, UK

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(shift work, working hours, occupational stress), (17) postmenopausal hormone use, (18) metabolic rate, (19) study or institution level, (20) insulin sensitivity, (21) napping, (22) total calorie intake, (23) dietary habits. HbA1c, haemoglobin A1c

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Andrea Stojakovic Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, California, USA
Mitochondrial Neurobiology and Therapeutics Laboratory, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA

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Enma P Espinosa Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, California, USA
Faculty of Medicine, School of Clinica Biochemistry, Pontifical Catholic University of Ecuador (PUCE), Quito, Ecuador

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Osman T Farhad Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, California, USA

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Kabirullah Lutfy Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, California, USA

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weigh less compared to their same sex- and age-matched non-smokers ( Albanes et al . 1987 ). In contrast, cessation of smoking has been associated with increased food intake, decrease in metabolic rate and concomitant weight gain ( Stamford et al

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Luiz F Rezende
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Luiz F Stoppiglia
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Kleber L A Souza
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Alessandro Negro
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Francesco Langone
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Antonio C Boschero
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metabolic rate in db/db mice. PNAS 100 14297 –14302. Smith GM , Rabinovsky ED, McManaman JL & Shine HD 1993 Temporal and spatial expression of ciliary neurotrophic factor after peripheral nerve injury. Experimental

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Jeffrey Friedman Rockefeller University, Box 305, 1230 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065, USA

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despite the fact that there is a large body of evidence indicating that differences in metabolic rate can predict changes in weight ( Ravussin et al . 1988 ) and that an increase in peripheral metabolism such as after treatment with thyroid hormone or

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