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endocrine profiles and reduce mortality. Somatostatin analogs and dopamine agonists are utilized as principal medications for acromegaly patients before and/or after pituitary surgery. It has been generally recognized that a combination therapy with
Department of Endocrinology, CI Parhon National Institute of Endocrinology, Department of Endocrinology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
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activating mutations of the G-protein subunit alpha (Gs) are found in up to 40% of GH-secreting PA; these cases are more responsive to medical treatment with somatostatin (SS) analogs (SSA) ( Barlier et al . 1998 ). Also, pituitary tumor-transforming gene
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conserved across vertebrate species, whereas the amino acid sequence at the N terminus is rather variable ( Onan et al . 2004 , Conlon 2008 , Vaudry et al . 2010 ). Comparative genomic studies have shown that the UII and somatostatin (SS) genes derive
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antibodies against human somatostatin (Novo Nordisk S/A, Bagsvaerd, Denmark; clone Som-018; 1:50), guinea pig antibodies against human insulin (P Westermark, Department of Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala, Sweden; code #Ma37; 1:200), and chicken antibodies
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, somatostatin and amylin. All these alterations in islet hormonal secretion can exacerbate GCs' diabetogenic actions. In the next sections, we review the main effects of GCs on peripheral tissues and the endocrine pancreas and also consider the risks and
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monitored in one set of experiments by determination of FOXO1A, prolactin, IGFBP-1, endometrial bleeding-associated factor (EBAF), and somatostatin mRNA levels by semi-quantitative reverse transcription PCR using GAPDH, and actin mRNA levels for
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food intake and in the response to feeding, and contains heterogeneous populations of endocrine cells including gastrin (G), enterochromaffin (EC), enterochromaffin-like (ECL) and somatostatin (D) cells ( Solcia et al . 2000 ). The circulating hormone
Centre for Paediatrics and Child Health, Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, Department of Endocrinology, Centre for Endocrinology and Diabetes, Institute of Human Development, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, University of Manchester, M13 9WL, UK
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Centre for Paediatrics and Child Health, Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, Department of Endocrinology, Centre for Endocrinology and Diabetes, Institute of Human Development, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, University of Manchester, M13 9WL, UK
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Centre for Paediatrics and Child Health, Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, Department of Endocrinology, Centre for Endocrinology and Diabetes, Institute of Human Development, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, University of Manchester, M13 9WL, UK
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–GH connection has led investigators to now establish the major roles of the GH-releasing hormone (GHRH), somatostatin (SST)/somatotrophin release inhibitory factor (SRIF) and ghrelin in the central control of GH secretion from the anterior pituitary somatotrophs
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Differences between the immunocytochemical behaviour of antisera to partially purified porcine gastrins and antisera to either synthetic human gastrin-17-I or highly purified porcine gastrin-17-I raised the hypothesis that hog antral gastrin extracts contain peptides different from somatostatin and gastrin that are responsible for the immunocytochemical reaction of the former antisera in the D (delta) cells of the gastro-entero-pancreatic (GEP) endocrine system. This study was performed to prove this hypothesis. A discard fraction obtained after gel filtration of hog antral gastrin extracts on Sephadex G-50 Superfine was employed to immunize five rabbits. The discard fraction is highly heterogeneous on two-dimensional electrophoresis and contains merely traces of somatostatin and gastrin in RIA. However, rabbit antisera to the discard fraction give strongly positive immunocytochemical reactions exclusively in the D cells of the human antroduodenal mucosa and of the pancreatic islets. Absorption of the antisera with the lyophilized discard fraction abolishes the staining of the D cells, whereas absorption of the antisera with several somatostatins does not affect the staining. Vice versa, staining of the D cells with antisera to cyclic somatostatin-14 is abolished by absorption of the antisera with somatostatin-14 but not by absorption with excess of the discard fraction. In RIA, antisera to the discard fraction do not bind radiolabelled (Tyr(1))-somatostatin-14, Tyr-somatostatin-28 or synthetic human gastrin-17-I. Two-dimensional electrophoresis of acid extracts of isolated canine pancreatic islets followed by Western blotting shows different patterns of distribution of immunoreactive spots obtained with antisera to the discard fraction, to somatostatin-14, and to human proinsulin respectively. These results indicate the existence of a novel population of peptides of the D cells of the GEP endocrine system, for which we propose the term deltins.
Departments of Biochemistry, Obstetrics and Gynecology and Women's Health, Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, F312, Bronx, New York 10461, USA
Departments of Biochemistry, Obstetrics and Gynecology and Women's Health, Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, F312, Bronx, New York 10461, USA
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associated with an increase in the number of pancreatic islets and an increase in the number of somatostatin cells without altering insulin cell mass. Lack of glucagon signaling is also associated with a profound glucagon cell hyperplasia. A subset of those
