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Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Stopford Building, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Nottingham Medical School, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
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Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Stopford Building, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Nottingham Medical School, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
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Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Stopford Building, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Nottingham Medical School, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
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Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Stopford Building, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Nottingham Medical School, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
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Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Stopford Building, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Nottingham Medical School, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
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Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Stopford Building, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Nottingham Medical School, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
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Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Stopford Building, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Nottingham Medical School, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
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Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Stopford Building, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Nottingham Medical School, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
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Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Stopford Building, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Nottingham Medical School, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
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Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Stopford Building, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Nottingham Medical School, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
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Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Stopford Building, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Nottingham Medical School, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
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Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Stopford Building, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Nottingham Medical School, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
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indication of which cells in the ependymal layer express CRBPI. GPR50 is an orphan G-protein-coupled receptor with approximately 45% homology with melatonin receptors, but does not bind melatonin ( Reppert et al. 1996 , Drew et al. 1998 ). This
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), melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH), and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) neurons ( Fig. 2 ). TRH, melanocortin 4 receptor (MC4R), and MC3R act via G s α, while the GABA receptor acts through Gi/Go. The TRH gene is regulated by overlapping thyroid response
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mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) or glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and regulate glucocorticoid-dependent target genes ( Reul et al. 2015 , Spiga & Lightman 2015 , de Kloet et al. 2019 ). Importantly, it is widely assumed that it is the ‘free’ corticosterone
Graduate School for Biomedical Science and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, Maine, USA
Department of Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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binding of the most active TH, 3,5,3′-triiodothyronine (T3), to its nuclear receptors. These receptors are DNA-binding transcription factors and are encoded by two different genes, Thra and Thrb ( Pascual & Aranda 2013 ). Upon receptor binding and
Argentine Research Council (CONICET), La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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the reversion of leptin-resistant states. General aspects of leptin and its receptor: molecular leptin signalling Leptin is a 167-residue peptide hormone mainly produced by adipocytes and acts in the central nervous system to primarily
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effects of protirelin (TRH) on cultured porcine thyrocytes. Journal of Endocrinological Investigation 15 345 –351. Wan Y , Wang L & Wu T 1994 The expression of retinoid X receptor genes is regulated by all-trans- and 9
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three hypothalamic regulatory peptide neurohormones: thyrotrophin-releasing factor (now thyrotrophin-releasing hormone, TRH), LH- and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)-releasing factor (now gonadotrophin-releasing hormone, GnRH) and somatostatin
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Department of Anatomy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
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Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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steroidogenesis in, and corticosteroid release from, the adrenal cortex ( Munck et al . 1984 , McEwen & Stellar 1993 ). Corticosteroid action is then executed through glucocorticoid receptors ( Gustafsson et al . 1987 ), encoded by the Nr3c1 gene ( McEwen
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synthesize and secrete prolactin constitutively, several hypothalamic factors contribute to prolactin release, including serotonin, thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH), oxytocin, and VIP. Nonetheless, the primary stimulus of prolactin synthesis and release is
Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
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within mere hours, while muscles in the limb are stimulated to grow; both processes under the regulation of T3 ( Brown & Cai 2007 ). Mammals do not, of course, develop by metamorphosis as found in anurans. However, many of the thyroid receptors and their