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in the inflammatory responses of both adipose and liver tissues. In vitro , the knockdown of PFKFB3 in primary HAMECs exhibits decreased PA-induced endothelial inflammation by suppressing activation of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) signaling. Taken
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Introduction Excessive accumulation of visceral adipose tissue (AT) is independently associated with cardiovascular disease ( See et al . 2007 ). In addition, the fat around the conduit vessels such as the aorta as well as the pericardial fat were
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thigh intermuscular adipose tissue, whereas basal GH secretion demonstrated an independent negative association with visceral adipose tissue ( Franco et al . 2006 ). Furthermore, Møller et al . (2009) have recently shown that lipid infusion during GH
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Department of Endocrinology, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
The Laboratory of Lipid & Glucose Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Department of Geriatrics, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, the Affiliated Nanjing Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangshu, China
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Department of Endocrinology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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. 2008 , Odegaard et al. 2008 , Menghini et al. 2009 ). In addition, obesity-associated adipose tissue dysfunction has also been implicated to play a critical role in development of NAFLD. Indeed, this role of dysfunctional adipose tissue is
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in brown adipose tissue: neural regulation of type III . Endocrinology 136 2007 – 2012 . Graudal N Galloe A Christensen H Olesen K 1988 The pattern of shortened hand and foot bones in D- and E-brachydactyly and
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, spleen, thymus, macrophages, bone marrow, stomach, islets of Langerhans, skeletal muscle, heart, kidney, placenta and brain ( Ricquier & Bouillaud 2000 , Pecqueur et al. 2001 ). This recognised wide tissue distribution is based primarily on UCP2 mRNA
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Introduction Adipokines, secreted by adipose tissue, are involved in the pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome ( Lehr et al . 2012 ). Chemerin, encoded by the gene retinoic acid receptor responder 2 ( Rarres2 ), also known as tazarotene
Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, Coimbra, Portugal
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Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, Casa Costa Alemão, Rua Dom Francisco de Lemos, Coimbra, Portugal
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Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, Casa Costa Alemão, Rua Dom Francisco de Lemos, Coimbra, Portugal
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Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, Casa Costa Alemão, Rua Dom Francisco de Lemos, Coimbra, Portugal
APDP-Portuguese Diabetes Association, Lisbon, Portugal
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Introduction Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) is an active endocrine organ that surrounds blood vessels, including small vessels ( Villacorta & Chang 2015 ). PVAT differs between species, and depending on the specific vascular region, it may
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patients with NAFLD ( Fernandez-Miranda et al. 2008 ). Other examples would be thiazolidinediones (TZDs), a class of drugs that are exogenous ligands of PPARγ. TZDs activate PPARγ in adipose tissue, muscle, and liver. In adipose tissue, TZDs increase the
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( Small et al . 2005 , McSweeney et al . 2010 , Michailidou et al . 2012 ). Global 11β-HSD1 deficiency is also pro-angiogenic in other contexts: in the sponge implantation assay ( Small et al . 2005 ); in adipose tissue of obese mice where it is