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Tessa J Roseboom Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Amsterdam Reproduction and Development, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Amsterdam Reproduction and Development, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

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Developmental plasticity: one genotype, several phenotypes One genotype can give rise to different phenotypes. Cues from the environment can shape the development of an individual (and one genotype) and result in different phenotypes ( Stearns

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Local impact of thyroid hormone inactivation

Deiodinases: the balance of thyroid hormone

Monica Dentice Department of Molecular and Clinical Endocrinology and Oncology, University of Naples ‘Federico II’, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy

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Domenico Salvatore Department of Molecular and Clinical Endocrinology and Oncology, University of Naples ‘Federico II’, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy

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embryonic stem cells from partial pluripotent cells ( Liu et al . 2010 ). The role played by the single Dio3 gene product in these complex developmental programs is unknown and requires further studies. Table 1 Clusters of miRNA within the Dlk1/Dio3

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Leonie A M Welberg Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, WMB suite 4000, 101 Woodruff Cir, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA

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K V Thrivikraman Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, WMB suite 4000, 101 Woodruff Cir, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA

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Paul M Plotsky Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, WMB suite 4000, 101 Woodruff Cir, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA

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-releasing factor (CRF) systems with permanent behavioural and endocrine consequences ( Ladd et al. 2000 , Welberg & Seckl 2001 ). The mechanisms underlying these programming effects are still unknown, but exposure to elevated levels of glucocorticoids during a

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Antonia Hufnagel University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories and MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Level 4, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, UK

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Laura Dearden University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories and MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Level 4, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, UK

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Denise S Fernandez-Twinn University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories and MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Level 4, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, UK

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Susan E Ozanne University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories and MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Level 4, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, UK

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cardiometabolic health ( Dashe et al. 2009 , HAPO Study Cooperative Research Group 2010 ). The observation that an adverse in utero environment programmes the long-term health of the offspring, called developmental programming, is now well-evidenced with a

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Ying Sze Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Campus, Midlothian, UK

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Joana Fernandes The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Campus, Midlothian, UK

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Zofia M Kołodziejczyk Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK

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Paula J Brunton Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Campus, Midlothian, UK
Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute, International Campus, Haining, Zhejiang, P.R. China

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phenomenon is known as fetal programming, where changes during fetal development bring about long-lasting effects ( Barker 1990 ). In women, maternal anxiety or distress during pregnancy is associated with a greater risk of psychiatric or affective disorders

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Cynthia L Blanco Neonatology Division, Diabetes Division, Geriatric Research, Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, Department of Obstetrics, Department of Pediatrics

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Alvaro G Moreira Neonatology Division, Diabetes Division, Geriatric Research, Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, Department of Obstetrics, Department of Pediatrics

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Lisa L McGill-Vargas Neonatology Division, Diabetes Division, Geriatric Research, Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, Department of Obstetrics, Department of Pediatrics

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Diana G Anzueto Neonatology Division, Diabetes Division, Geriatric Research, Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, Department of Obstetrics, Department of Pediatrics

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Peter Nathanielsz Neonatology Division, Diabetes Division, Geriatric Research, Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, Department of Obstetrics, Department of Pediatrics

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Nicolas Musi Neonatology Division, Diabetes Division, Geriatric Research, Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, Department of Obstetrics, Department of Pediatrics
Neonatology Division, Diabetes Division, Geriatric Research, Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, Department of Obstetrics, Department of Pediatrics
Neonatology Division, Diabetes Division, Geriatric Research, Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, Department of Obstetrics, Department of Pediatrics

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takes precedence over growth and proliferation. Previous studies have shown decreased levels of GLUT1 and GLUT4 in the skeletal muscle of fetal preterm baboons ( Blanco et al . 2010 ); these differences might be developmental as glucose homeostasis is

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Fangyuan Chen Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, School of, Pharmaceutical Sciences & the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China

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Haili Yu Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, School of, Pharmaceutical Sciences & the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China

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Haichuan Zhang Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, School of, Pharmaceutical Sciences & the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China

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Runzhu Zhao Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, School of, Pharmaceutical Sciences & the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China

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Kaifang Cao Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, School of, Pharmaceutical Sciences & the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China

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Yinghua Liu Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, School of, Pharmaceutical Sciences & the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China

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Jiandong Luo Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, School of, Pharmaceutical Sciences & the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China

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Qin Xue Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, School of, Pharmaceutical Sciences & the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China

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, Niu Y , Cross CM , Itani N , Kane AD , Herrera EA , Skeffington KL , Botting KJ Giussani DA 2019 Intervention against hypertension in the next generation programmed by developmental hypoxia . PLoS Biology 17 e2006552

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Anna H Kongsted
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Sanne V Husted
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Malin P Thygesen Department of Veterinary Clinical and Animal Sciences, Cook Medical Europe APS, School of Animal Biology, Department of Basic Sciences and Environment, Department of Animal Science, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

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Vibeke G Christensen
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Dominique Blache Department of Veterinary Clinical and Animal Sciences, Cook Medical Europe APS, School of Animal Biology, Department of Basic Sciences and Environment, Department of Animal Science, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

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Anders Tolver Department of Veterinary Clinical and Animal Sciences, Cook Medical Europe APS, School of Animal Biology, Department of Basic Sciences and Environment, Department of Animal Science, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

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Torben Larsen Department of Veterinary Clinical and Animal Sciences, Cook Medical Europe APS, School of Animal Biology, Department of Basic Sciences and Environment, Department of Animal Science, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

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Bjørn Quistorff Department of Veterinary Clinical and Animal Sciences, Cook Medical Europe APS, School of Animal Biology, Department of Basic Sciences and Environment, Department of Animal Science, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

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Mette O Nielsen
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according to the so-called predictive adaptive hypothesis can be explained by the programming/adaptation of the metabolic and endocrine functions of the foetus to make it prepared to be born into a world with stressful conditions and scarcity of food

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Baiba Steinbrekera Stead Family Department of Pediatrics, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA

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Robert Roghair Stead Family Department of Pediatrics, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA

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. 2005 , Attig et al. 2008 ). Although the neuroanatomic and molecular interactions in the pathways leading to programmed adult hypertension are incompletely understood, the important role that leptin plays in key developmental and regulatory pathways

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Dong-Xu Han Department of Laboratory Animals, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, People’s Republic of China

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Chang-Jiang Wang Department of Laboratory Animals, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, People’s Republic of China

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Xu-Lei Sun Department of Laboratory Animals, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, People’s Republic of China

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Jian-Bo Liu Department of Laboratory Animals, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, People’s Republic of China

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Hao Jiang Department of Laboratory Animals, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, People’s Republic of China

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Yan Gao Department of Laboratory Animals, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, People’s Republic of China

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Cheng-Zhen Chen Department of Laboratory Animals, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, People’s Republic of China

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Bao Yuan Department of Laboratory Animals, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, People’s Republic of China

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Jia-Bao Zhang Department of Laboratory Animals, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, People’s Republic of China

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, thousands of strongly expressed and stable circRNAs were detected in humans and animals; these circRNAs exhibit tissue/developmental-stage-specific expression ( Memczak et al. 2013 , Guo et al. 2014 ). Since circRNAs usually do not have poly-A tails

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