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also act as repressors, and they often act in partnerships with co-factors ( Uhlenhaut & Treier 2006 , Rosario et al. 2012 ). There are currently 19 recognised FOX subfamilies, designated A to S. One FOX gene, FOXL2 , plays a central role in female
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of ovariectomised female rats dramatically induced the brain CYP2D mRNA, whereas estrogens had a weaker effect ( Wang et al . 2014 , Li et al . 2015 ). Notably, sex steroid hormones target an array of complex and dynamic regulatory loops, such as
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Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
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Department of Endocrinology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Jiangsu, China
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( Kumar et al. 2015 ) in extracellular recordings in CA1 and increased evoked EPSC amplitude in a subset of whole-cell recordings of CA1 pyramidal cells in females ( Lebesgue et al. 2009 , Smejkalova & Woolley 2010 ). However, while all these findings
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–1774. Ogawa S , Eng V & Pfaff DW 1998 Roles of estrogen receptor-alpha gene expression in reproduction-related behaviors in female mice. Endocrinology 139 5070 –5081. Ogawa S , Chan J
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2 ) and 17α-methyltestosterone (MT) alone or simultaneously from 0 to 30 dah, and analyzed the gonadal phenotype and gene expression profile. Our results indicated that MT and E 2 treated fish developed into females irrespective of their genetic sex
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group, females had higher aldosterone levels and greater salt-sensitive blood pressure than males. In premenopausal women plasma aldosterone levels are higher and the frequency of hypertension is lower than that in men, but after menopause, the
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neurons by estradiol. Biology of Reproduction 69 1771 –1779. Pfaff DW & Sakuma Y 1979 Deficit in the lordosis reflex of female rats caused by lesions in the ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus. Journal of
Department of Endocrinology, Wallenberg Laboratory, University Hospital MAS, Lund University, SE-20502 Malmö, Sweden
Swegene Centre for Cellular Imaging, Göteborg University, SE-41390 Göteborg, Sweden
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Department of Endocrinology, Wallenberg Laboratory, University Hospital MAS, Lund University, SE-20502 Malmö, Sweden
Swegene Centre for Cellular Imaging, Göteborg University, SE-41390 Göteborg, Sweden
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Department of Endocrinology, Wallenberg Laboratory, University Hospital MAS, Lund University, SE-20502 Malmö, Sweden
Swegene Centre for Cellular Imaging, Göteborg University, SE-41390 Göteborg, Sweden
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Department of Endocrinology, Wallenberg Laboratory, University Hospital MAS, Lund University, SE-20502 Malmö, Sweden
Swegene Centre for Cellular Imaging, Göteborg University, SE-41390 Göteborg, Sweden
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Department of Endocrinology, Wallenberg Laboratory, University Hospital MAS, Lund University, SE-20502 Malmö, Sweden
Swegene Centre for Cellular Imaging, Göteborg University, SE-41390 Göteborg, Sweden
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Department of Endocrinology, Wallenberg Laboratory, University Hospital MAS, Lund University, SE-20502 Malmö, Sweden
Swegene Centre for Cellular Imaging, Göteborg University, SE-41390 Göteborg, Sweden
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Department of Endocrinology, Wallenberg Laboratory, University Hospital MAS, Lund University, SE-20502 Malmö, Sweden
Swegene Centre for Cellular Imaging, Göteborg University, SE-41390 Göteborg, Sweden
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Introduction Progesterone (P 4 ), an ovarian steroid hormone, exerts diverse functions in several physiological processes ranging from female reproduction to brain and bone cell metabolism ( Graham & Clarke 1997 ). In many cases, the
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State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution (SKLMP) at City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, People’s Republic of China
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, People’s Republic of China
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manifestation and recovery of CVD ( Ostadal & Ostadal 2014 , EUGenMed et al . 2015 ). In various mammalian models of cardiac defects, females consistently demonstrate a lower mortality, less severe disease phenotype and better functional recovery than their
CIBER Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Cordoba, Spain
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Lipids and Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
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CIBER Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Cordoba, Spain
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Lipids and Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
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Lipids and Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
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Lipids and Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
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Institute of Biomedicine, Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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Lipids and Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
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CIBER Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Cordoba, Spain
Institute of Biomedicine, Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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Lipids and Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
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hormones appear to be one of the factors driving gut microbiota differences between males and females, which may also contribute to the sexual dimorphism in disease susceptibility ( Cross et al. 2018 ). In addition, it has been shown that the gut