Search Results
Hwa-Yong Lee
Hwa-Yong Lee
Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
Department of Physiology and Genetic Regulation, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Ibaraki 305-0901, Japan
Departments of Food Technology and
Reproductive Immunology, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Olsztyn 10-747, Poland
Department of Agricultural and Life Science, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
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Department of Physiology and Genetic Regulation, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Ibaraki 305-0901, Japan
Departments of Food Technology and
Reproductive Immunology, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Olsztyn 10-747, Poland
Department of Agricultural and Life Science, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
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Tomas J Acosta
Tomas J Acosta
Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
Department of Physiology and Genetic Regulation, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Ibaraki 305-0901, Japan
Departments of Food Technology and
Reproductive Immunology, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Olsztyn 10-747, Poland
Department of Agricultural and Life Science, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
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Department of Physiology and Genetic Regulation, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Ibaraki 305-0901, Japan
Departments of Food Technology and
Reproductive Immunology, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Olsztyn 10-747, Poland
Department of Agricultural and Life Science, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
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Michiyo Tanikawa
Michiyo Tanikawa
Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
Department of Physiology and Genetic Regulation, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Ibaraki 305-0901, Japan
Departments of Food Technology and
Reproductive Immunology, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Olsztyn 10-747, Poland
Department of Agricultural and Life Science, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
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Department of Physiology and Genetic Regulation, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Ibaraki 305-0901, Japan
Departments of Food Technology and
Reproductive Immunology, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Olsztyn 10-747, Poland
Department of Agricultural and Life Science, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
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Ryosuke Sakumoto
Ryosuke Sakumoto
Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
Department of Physiology and Genetic Regulation, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Ibaraki 305-0901, Japan
Departments of Food Technology and
Reproductive Immunology, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Olsztyn 10-747, Poland
Department of Agricultural and Life Science, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
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Department of Physiology and Genetic Regulation, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Ibaraki 305-0901, Japan
Departments of Food Technology and
Reproductive Immunology, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Olsztyn 10-747, Poland
Department of Agricultural and Life Science, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
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Junichi Komiyama
Junichi Komiyama
Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
Department of Physiology and Genetic Regulation, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Ibaraki 305-0901, Japan
Departments of Food Technology and
Reproductive Immunology, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Olsztyn 10-747, Poland
Department of Agricultural and Life Science, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
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Department of Physiology and Genetic Regulation, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Ibaraki 305-0901, Japan
Departments of Food Technology and
Reproductive Immunology, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Olsztyn 10-747, Poland
Department of Agricultural and Life Science, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
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Yukari Tasaki
Yukari Tasaki
Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
Department of Physiology and Genetic Regulation, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Ibaraki 305-0901, Japan
Departments of Food Technology and
Reproductive Immunology, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Olsztyn 10-747, Poland
Department of Agricultural and Life Science, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
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Department of Physiology and Genetic Regulation, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Ibaraki 305-0901, Japan
Departments of Food Technology and
Reproductive Immunology, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Olsztyn 10-747, Poland
Department of Agricultural and Life Science, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
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Mariusz Piskula
Mariusz Piskula
Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
Department of Physiology and Genetic Regulation, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Ibaraki 305-0901, Japan
Departments of Food Technology and
Reproductive Immunology, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Olsztyn 10-747, Poland
Department of Agricultural and Life Science, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
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Department of Physiology and Genetic Regulation, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Ibaraki 305-0901, Japan
Departments of Food Technology and
Reproductive Immunology, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Olsztyn 10-747, Poland
Department of Agricultural and Life Science, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
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Dariusz J Skarzynski
Dariusz J Skarzynski
Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
Department of Physiology and Genetic Regulation, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Ibaraki 305-0901, Japan
Departments of Food Technology and
Reproductive Immunology, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Olsztyn 10-747, Poland
Department of Agricultural and Life Science, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
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Department of Physiology and Genetic Regulation, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Ibaraki 305-0901, Japan
Departments of Food Technology and
Reproductive Immunology, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Olsztyn 10-747, Poland
Department of Agricultural and Life Science, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
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Masafumi Tetsuka
Masafumi Tetsuka
Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
Department of Physiology and Genetic Regulation, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Ibaraki 305-0901, Japan
Departments of Food Technology and
Reproductive Immunology, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Olsztyn 10-747, Poland
Department of Agricultural and Life Science, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
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Department of Physiology and Genetic Regulation, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Ibaraki 305-0901, Japan
Departments of Food Technology and
Reproductive Immunology, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Olsztyn 10-747, Poland
Department of Agricultural and Life Science, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
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Kiyoshi Okuda
Kiyoshi Okuda
Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
Department of Physiology and Genetic Regulation, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Ibaraki 305-0901, Japan
Departments of Food Technology and
Reproductive Immunology, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Olsztyn 10-747, Poland
Department of Agricultural and Life Science, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
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Department of Physiology and Genetic Regulation, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Ibaraki 305-0901, Japan
Departments of Food Technology and
Reproductive Immunology, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Olsztyn 10-747, Poland
Department of Agricultural and Life Science, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
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Introduction Glucocorticoids (GCs) are involved in various physiological processes, including general metabolism ( Wang 2005 ), immunological response ( McKay & Cidlowski 1998 , 1999 ), and female reproductive function ( Brann
Ruijin Shao
Ruijin Shao
Department of Physiology/Endocrinology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at Göteborg University, SE-40530 Göteborg, Sweden
Department of Endocrinology, Wallenberg Laboratory, University Hospital MAS, Lund University, SE-20502 Malmö, Sweden
Swegene Centre for Cellular Imaging, Göteborg University, SE-41390 Göteborg, Sweden
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Department of Endocrinology, Wallenberg Laboratory, University Hospital MAS, Lund University, SE-20502 Malmö, Sweden
Swegene Centre for Cellular Imaging, Göteborg University, SE-41390 Göteborg, Sweden
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Emil Egecioglu
Emil Egecioglu
Department of Physiology/Endocrinology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at Göteborg University, SE-40530 Göteborg, Sweden
Department of Endocrinology, Wallenberg Laboratory, University Hospital MAS, Lund University, SE-20502 Malmö, Sweden
Swegene Centre for Cellular Imaging, Göteborg University, SE-41390 Göteborg, Sweden
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Department of Endocrinology, Wallenberg Laboratory, University Hospital MAS, Lund University, SE-20502 Malmö, Sweden
Swegene Centre for Cellular Imaging, Göteborg University, SE-41390 Göteborg, Sweden
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Birgitta Weijdegård
Birgitta Weijdegård
Department of Physiology/Endocrinology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at Göteborg University, SE-40530 Göteborg, Sweden
Department of Endocrinology, Wallenberg Laboratory, University Hospital MAS, Lund University, SE-20502 Malmö, Sweden
Swegene Centre for Cellular Imaging, Göteborg University, SE-41390 Göteborg, Sweden
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Department of Endocrinology, Wallenberg Laboratory, University Hospital MAS, Lund University, SE-20502 Malmö, Sweden
Swegene Centre for Cellular Imaging, Göteborg University, SE-41390 Göteborg, Sweden
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Karin Ljungström
Karin Ljungström
Department of Physiology/Endocrinology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at Göteborg University, SE-40530 Göteborg, Sweden
Department of Endocrinology, Wallenberg Laboratory, University Hospital MAS, Lund University, SE-20502 Malmö, Sweden
Swegene Centre for Cellular Imaging, Göteborg University, SE-41390 Göteborg, Sweden
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Department of Endocrinology, Wallenberg Laboratory, University Hospital MAS, Lund University, SE-20502 Malmö, Sweden
Swegene Centre for Cellular Imaging, Göteborg University, SE-41390 Göteborg, Sweden
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Charlotte Ling
Charlotte Ling
Department of Physiology/Endocrinology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at Göteborg University, SE-40530 Göteborg, Sweden
Department of Endocrinology, Wallenberg Laboratory, University Hospital MAS, Lund University, SE-20502 Malmö, Sweden
Swegene Centre for Cellular Imaging, Göteborg University, SE-41390 Göteborg, Sweden
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Department of Endocrinology, Wallenberg Laboratory, University Hospital MAS, Lund University, SE-20502 Malmö, Sweden
Swegene Centre for Cellular Imaging, Göteborg University, SE-41390 Göteborg, Sweden
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Julia Fernandez-Rodriguez
Julia Fernandez-Rodriguez
Department of Physiology/Endocrinology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at Göteborg University, SE-40530 Göteborg, Sweden
Department of Endocrinology, Wallenberg Laboratory, University Hospital MAS, Lund University, SE-20502 Malmö, Sweden
Swegene Centre for Cellular Imaging, Göteborg University, SE-41390 Göteborg, Sweden
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Department of Endocrinology, Wallenberg Laboratory, University Hospital MAS, Lund University, SE-20502 Malmö, Sweden
Swegene Centre for Cellular Imaging, Göteborg University, SE-41390 Göteborg, Sweden
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Håkan Billig
Håkan Billig
Department of Physiology/Endocrinology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at Göteborg University, SE-40530 Göteborg, Sweden
Department of Endocrinology, Wallenberg Laboratory, University Hospital MAS, Lund University, SE-20502 Malmö, Sweden
Swegene Centre for Cellular Imaging, Göteborg University, SE-41390 Göteborg, Sweden
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Department of Endocrinology, Wallenberg Laboratory, University Hospital MAS, Lund University, SE-20502 Malmö, Sweden
Swegene Centre for Cellular Imaging, Göteborg University, SE-41390 Göteborg, Sweden
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glucocorticoid receptor (GR) under some conditions ( Vegeto et al. 1993 ), whereas PRB is shown to activate transcription in several target tissues ( McDonnell & Goldman 1994 , McDonnell et al. 1994 , Wen et al. 1994 ). Recently, studies in PR knockout
Priyanka De
Priyanka De
Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S C Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, India
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Sreerupa Ghose Roy
Sreerupa Ghose Roy
Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S C Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, India
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Dipak Kar
Dipak Kar
Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S C Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, India
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Arun Bandyopadhyay
Arun Bandyopadhyay
Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S C Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, India
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Introduction Glucocorticoids (GCs) are among the most frequently used drugs prescribed for the treatment of various disorders such as inflammatory disease, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and autoimmune diseases ( Iuchi et al
M M Conradie
M M Conradie
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H de Wet
H de Wet
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D D R Kotze
D D R Kotze
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J M Burrin
J M Burrin
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F S Hough
F S Hough
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P A Hulley
P A Hulley
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Introduction Bone loss and fractures resulting from glucocorticoid (GC) therapy is the most prevalent form of secondary osteoporosis ( Van Staa et al . 2000 , Angeli et al . 2006 ). Skeletal health and repair depends on
K S Wilson
K S Wilson
The University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, The Queen’s Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, UK
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C S Tucker
C S Tucker
The University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, The Queen’s Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, UK
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E A S Al-Dujaili
E A S Al-Dujaili
The University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, The Queen’s Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, UK
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M C Holmes
M C Holmes
The University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, The Queen’s Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, UK
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P W F Hadoke
P W F Hadoke
The University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, The Queen’s Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, UK
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C J Kenyon
C J Kenyon
The University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, The Queen’s Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, UK
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M A Denvir
M A Denvir
The University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, The Queen’s Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, UK
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publications have highlighted the developmental aspects of altered embryonic glucocorticoid exposure in zebrafish ( Hillegass et al . 2008 , Pikulkaew et al . 2011 , De Marco et al . 2013 , Nesan & Vijayan 2013 , 2016 , Faught et al . 2016 ), few
Michaela D Wharfe
Michaela D Wharfe
School of Anatomy, Metabolomics Australia, Physiology and Human Biology, The University of Western Australia, M309, Perth 6009, Australia
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Peter J Mark
Peter J Mark
School of Anatomy, Metabolomics Australia, Physiology and Human Biology, The University of Western Australia, M309, Perth 6009, Australia
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Caitlin S Wyrwoll
Caitlin S Wyrwoll
School of Anatomy, Metabolomics Australia, Physiology and Human Biology, The University of Western Australia, M309, Perth 6009, Australia
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Jeremy T Smith
Jeremy T Smith
School of Anatomy, Metabolomics Australia, Physiology and Human Biology, The University of Western Australia, M309, Perth 6009, Australia
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Cassandra Yap
Cassandra Yap
School of Anatomy, Metabolomics Australia, Physiology and Human Biology, The University of Western Australia, M309, Perth 6009, Australia
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Michael W Clarke
Michael W Clarke
School of Anatomy, Metabolomics Australia, Physiology and Human Biology, The University of Western Australia, M309, Perth 6009, Australia
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Brendan J Waddell
Brendan J Waddell
School of Anatomy, Metabolomics Australia, Physiology and Human Biology, The University of Western Australia, M309, Perth 6009, Australia
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–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis after mid-gestation leads to increased glucocorticoid levels ( Patrick et al . 1980 , Atkinson & Waddell 1995 ). This HPA axis adaptation is crucial because it promotes the release of energy stores to meet high fetal demand ( Atkinson
Lisa Rice
Lisa Rice
Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, School of Medicine
Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, School of Medicine
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Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, School of Medicine
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Charlotte E Waters
Charlotte E Waters
Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, School of Medicine
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Jennifer Eccles
Jennifer Eccles
Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, School of Medicine
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Helen Garside
Helen Garside
Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, School of Medicine
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Paula Sommer
Paula Sommer
Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, School of Medicine
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Paul Kay
Paul Kay
Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, School of Medicine
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Fiona H Blackhall
Fiona H Blackhall
Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, School of Medicine
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Leo Zeef
Leo Zeef
Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, School of Medicine
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Brian Telfer
Brian Telfer
Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, School of Medicine
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Ian Stratford
Ian Stratford
Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, School of Medicine
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Rob Clarke
Rob Clarke
Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, School of Medicine
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Dave Singh
Dave Singh
Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, School of Medicine
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Adam Stevens
Adam Stevens
Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, School of Medicine
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Anne White
Anne White
Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, School of Medicine
Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, School of Medicine
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Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, School of Medicine
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David W Ray
David W Ray
Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, School of Medicine
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Introduction Glucocorticoids (GC) act through the GC receptor (GR), a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily of ligand-regulated transcription factors ( Hollenberg et al . 1985 , Weinberger et al . 1985 , 1987 , Perlmann & Evans 1997
Ganga Gokulakrishnan
Ganga Gokulakrishnan
USDA/ARS Children’s Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children’s Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
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Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children’s Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
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Xiaoyan Chang
Xiaoyan Chang
USDA/ARS Children’s Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
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Ryan Fleischmann
Ryan Fleischmann
USDA/ARS Children’s Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
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Marta L Fiorotto
Marta L Fiorotto
USDA/ARS Children’s Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
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183 583 – 590 . ( doi:10.1111/j.1432-1033.1989.tb21087.x ) Dong Y Pan JS Zhang L 2013 Myostatin suppression of Akirin1 mediates glucocorticoid-induced satellite cell dysfunction . PLoS ONE 8 e58554 . ( doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0058554
Claire U Onyimba
Claire U Onyimba
Academic Unit of Ophthalmology, Division of Immunity and Infection and
Department of Endocrinology, Division of Medical Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Research, The Medical School, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 5TT, UK
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Department of Endocrinology, Division of Medical Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Research, The Medical School, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 5TT, UK
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Neelima Vijapurapu
Neelima Vijapurapu
Academic Unit of Ophthalmology, Division of Immunity and Infection and
Department of Endocrinology, Division of Medical Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Research, The Medical School, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 5TT, UK
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Department of Endocrinology, Division of Medical Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Research, The Medical School, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 5TT, UK
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S John Curnow
S John Curnow
Academic Unit of Ophthalmology, Division of Immunity and Infection and
Department of Endocrinology, Division of Medical Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Research, The Medical School, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 5TT, UK
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Department of Endocrinology, Division of Medical Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Research, The Medical School, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 5TT, UK
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Pamela Khosla
Pamela Khosla
Academic Unit of Ophthalmology, Division of Immunity and Infection and
Department of Endocrinology, Division of Medical Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Research, The Medical School, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 5TT, UK
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Department of Endocrinology, Division of Medical Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Research, The Medical School, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 5TT, UK
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Paul M Stewart
Paul M Stewart
Academic Unit of Ophthalmology, Division of Immunity and Infection and
Department of Endocrinology, Division of Medical Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Research, The Medical School, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 5TT, UK
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Department of Endocrinology, Division of Medical Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Research, The Medical School, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 5TT, UK
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Philip I Murray
Philip I Murray
Academic Unit of Ophthalmology, Division of Immunity and Infection and
Department of Endocrinology, Division of Medical Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Research, The Medical School, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 5TT, UK
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Department of Endocrinology, Division of Medical Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Research, The Medical School, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 5TT, UK
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Elizabeth A Walker
Elizabeth A Walker
Academic Unit of Ophthalmology, Division of Immunity and Infection and
Department of Endocrinology, Division of Medical Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Research, The Medical School, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 5TT, UK
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Department of Endocrinology, Division of Medical Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Research, The Medical School, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 5TT, UK
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Saaeha Rauz
Saaeha Rauz
Academic Unit of Ophthalmology, Division of Immunity and Infection and
Department of Endocrinology, Division of Medical Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Research, The Medical School, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 5TT, UK
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Department of Endocrinology, Division of Medical Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Research, The Medical School, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 5TT, UK
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Introduction The cellular actions of glucocorticoids (GCs) are largely mediated through interactions with the glucocorticoid receptor (GR), a nuclear receptor that is found in its inactive form within the cytoplasm. Ligand
J R Seckl
J R Seckl
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T Olsson
T Olsson
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Introduction
Increased glucocorticoid secretion is a key feature of the stress response, serving to mobilise energy substrates, inhibit non-vital processes and restore stress effector systems. However, chronic glucocorticoid excess (in Cushing's disease or during pharmacotherapy) is associated with a broad spectrum of deleterious effects including diabetes mellitus, reproductive failure, hypertension, osteoporosis, immunosuppression, myopathy, growth impairment and, not least, affective and cognitive dysfunction. Clearly therefore, the autoregulatory (negative feedback) actions of glucocorticoids upon the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis are of crucial importance.
Glucocorticoids act, in large part, by binding to intracellular receptors. There are two types, mineralocorticoid (MR, type I) and glucocorticoid (GR, type II) (McEwen et al. 1986) receptors. Ligand-activated receptors function as nuclear transcription factors, attaching to specific DNA sequences and regulating target gene expression. Interactions with other nuclear factors, notably AP-1 (Pfahl 1993) and cyclic AMP response element binding protein (Stauber et al. 1992), may also occur and modulate
