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Nilli Zmora Department of Marine Biotechnology, Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland, USA

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Ten-Tsao Wong Department of Marine Biotechnology, Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland, USA

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John Stubblefield Department of Marine Biotechnology, Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland, USA

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Berta Levavi-Sivan Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University, Rehobot, Israel

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Yonathan Zohar Department of Marine Biotechnology, Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland, USA

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vertebrate species, for which the hypothalamic gonadotropin-releasing-hormone (GnRH) is pivotal to the regulation of reproduction. During the past decade, numerous known and novel neuropeptides have been implicated in the upstream control of GnRH neurons and

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Campbell J L Harter School of Human Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia

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Georgia S Kavanagh School of Human Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia

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Jeremy T Smith School of Human Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia

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neurons in the arcuate nucleus (ARC) of the hypothalamus control reproduction through stimulation (+) of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons to regulate gonadal sex steroid production, which then has an inhibitory effect (−) on kisspeptin neurons

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Donald Pfaff Laboratory of Neurobiology and Behaviour, Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, New York 10021, USA

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actions. Furthermore, gene duplication products and splicing products for hormone receptors in the CNS often have different behavioural effects. In all cases, both hormone release and hormone effect on a given behaviour depend upon environmental context

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Petra Popovics Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Medical School, University of Pecs, 12 Szigeti Street, Pecs 7624, Hungary
Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Medical School, University of Pecs, 12 Szigeti Street, Pecs 7624, Hungary

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Zoltan Rekasi Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Medical School, University of Pecs, 12 Szigeti Street, Pecs 7624, Hungary

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Alan J Stewart Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Medical School, University of Pecs, 12 Szigeti Street, Pecs 7624, Hungary

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Magdolna Kovacs Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Medical School, University of Pecs, 12 Szigeti Street, Pecs 7624, Hungary

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Bauer-Dantoin AC Jameson JL Weiss J 1996 Gonadotropin-releasing hormone regulates follicle-stimulating hormone-beta gene expression through an activin/follistatin autocrine or paracrine loop . Endocrinology 137 3667 – 3673 doi:10.1210/en

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David R Grattan Centre for Neuroendocrinology and Department of Anatomy, Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, University of Otago, PO Box 913, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
Centre for Neuroendocrinology and Department of Anatomy, Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, University of Otago, PO Box 913, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand

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. Physiology & Behavior 91 366 – 374 . ( doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2007.04.005 ) Grattan DR Jasoni CL Liu X Anderson GM Herbison AE 2007b Prolactin regulation of gonadotropin-releasing hormone neurons to suppress luteinizing hormone secretion in

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Audrey F Seasholtz Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, 109 Zina Pitcher Place, BSRB Room 5035, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan, 109 Zina Pitcher Place, BSRB Room 5035, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA

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Miina Öhman Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, 109 Zina Pitcher Place, BSRB Room 5035, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA

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Amale Wardani Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, 109 Zina Pitcher Place, BSRB Room 5035, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA

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Robert C Thompson Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, 109 Zina Pitcher Place, BSRB Room 5035, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, 109 Zina Pitcher Place, BSRB Room 5035, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA

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function, these studies suggest that CRH receptor signaling on pituitary gonadotropes may contribute, along with other peptide and gonadal hormones, to the modulation of GNRH1 signaling at these cells and resultant gonadotropin synthesis and release

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Araceli Morales Laboratory of Cellular Neurobiology, Department of Physiology and
Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Department of Animal Biology, Institute of Biomedical Technologies, University of La Laguna, La Laguna, Spain

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Miriam Gonzalez Laboratory of Cellular Neurobiology, Department of Physiology and
Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Department of Animal Biology, Institute of Biomedical Technologies, University of La Laguna, La Laguna, Spain

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Raquel Marin Laboratory of Cellular Neurobiology, Department of Physiology and
Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Department of Animal Biology, Institute of Biomedical Technologies, University of La Laguna, La Laguna, Spain

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Mario Diaz Laboratory of Cellular Neurobiology, Department of Physiology and
Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Department of Animal Biology, Institute of Biomedical Technologies, University of La Laguna, La Laguna, Spain

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Rafael Alonso Laboratory of Cellular Neurobiology, Department of Physiology and
Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Department of Animal Biology, Institute of Biomedical Technologies, University of La Laguna, La Laguna, Spain

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Introduction The coordination of episodic release of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) by hypothalamic neurons with GnRH-dependent secretion of pituitary gonadotropins constitutes the central paradigm in the control of mammalian

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Elisabeth Sambroni Fish Reproduction Research Group, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Station Commune de Recherche en Ichtyophysiologie Biodiversité et Environnement (SCRIBE), Campus de Beaulieu, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France

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Florence Le Gac Fish Reproduction Research Group, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Station Commune de Recherche en Ichtyophysiologie Biodiversité et Environnement (SCRIBE), Campus de Beaulieu, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France

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Bernard Breton Fish Reproduction Research Group, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Station Commune de Recherche en Ichtyophysiologie Biodiversité et Environnement (SCRIBE), Campus de Beaulieu, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France

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Jean-Jacques Lareyre Fish Reproduction Research Group, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Station Commune de Recherche en Ichtyophysiologie Biodiversité et Environnement (SCRIBE), Campus de Beaulieu, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France

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. The seven transmembrane helices are shown in grey. Figure 2 Phylogenetic analysis of rainbow trout gonadotropin receptors. Amino acid sequences of known or predicted glycoprotein hormone receptors were first aligned using CLUSTALW, and the

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Gheorghe F Y Cheng Department of Biology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China

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Chi-Wai Yuen Department of Biology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China

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Wei Ge Department of Biology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China

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regulation of gonadotropin secretion by gonadotropin-releasing hormone in salmonid fishes . Zoological Science 22 379 – 389 . Attardi B Marshall GR Zorub DS Winters SJ Miklos J Plant TM 1992 Effects of orchidectomy on gonadotropin and inhibin

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Sudipta Paul
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Dola Mukherjee
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Kousik Pramanick
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Sourav Kundu
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S P Bhattacharyya
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Priyanka De Endocrinology Laboratory, Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani 741235, West Bengal, India

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Dilip Mukherjee
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spontaneous and gonadotropin-stimulated testosterone secretion by acting directly at the testes and reducing the release of pituitary luteinizing hormone (LH). Inhibition of sCT on secretion of progesterone and gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH

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