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Pryscila D S Teixeira Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofisica, Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil

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Angela M Ramos-Lobo Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofisica, Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil

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Mariana Rosolen Tavares Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofisica, Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil

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Frederick Wasinski Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofisica, Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil

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Renata Frazao Departamento de Anatomia, Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil

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Jose Donato Jr Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofisica, Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil

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-day-old mice. Additionally, some evidence of sexual dimorphism was observed in the hypothalamic expression of neuropeptides during development. While 12-day-oldmale Lep ob/ob mice exhibited decreased hypothalamic expression of Cartpt , Hcrt , Pmch

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/JOE-20-0076
Volume/Issue:
Volume 249: Issue 3
Free access
Elisa Keating Department of Biochemistry (U38-FCT), School of Biotechnology, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Animal Facility, Department of Clinical Pathology, ISPUP-EPIUnit, CINTESIS – Center for Research in Health Technologies and Information Systems, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
Department of Biochemistry (U38-FCT), School of Biotechnology, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Animal Facility, Department of Clinical Pathology, ISPUP-EPIUnit, CINTESIS – Center for Research in Health Technologies and Information Systems, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal

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Ana Correia-Branco Department of Biochemistry (U38-FCT), School of Biotechnology, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Animal Facility, Department of Clinical Pathology, ISPUP-EPIUnit, CINTESIS – Center for Research in Health Technologies and Information Systems, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal

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João R Araújo Department of Biochemistry (U38-FCT), School of Biotechnology, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Animal Facility, Department of Clinical Pathology, ISPUP-EPIUnit, CINTESIS – Center for Research in Health Technologies and Information Systems, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal

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Manuela Meireles Department of Biochemistry (U38-FCT), School of Biotechnology, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Animal Facility, Department of Clinical Pathology, ISPUP-EPIUnit, CINTESIS – Center for Research in Health Technologies and Information Systems, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal

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Rita Fernandes Department of Biochemistry (U38-FCT), School of Biotechnology, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Animal Facility, Department of Clinical Pathology, ISPUP-EPIUnit, CINTESIS – Center for Research in Health Technologies and Information Systems, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
Department of Biochemistry (U38-FCT), School of Biotechnology, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Animal Facility, Department of Clinical Pathology, ISPUP-EPIUnit, CINTESIS – Center for Research in Health Technologies and Information Systems, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal

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Luísa Guardão Department of Biochemistry (U38-FCT), School of Biotechnology, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Animal Facility, Department of Clinical Pathology, ISPUP-EPIUnit, CINTESIS – Center for Research in Health Technologies and Information Systems, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal

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João T Guimarães Department of Biochemistry (U38-FCT), School of Biotechnology, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Animal Facility, Department of Clinical Pathology, ISPUP-EPIUnit, CINTESIS – Center for Research in Health Technologies and Information Systems, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
Department of Biochemistry (U38-FCT), School of Biotechnology, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Animal Facility, Department of Clinical Pathology, ISPUP-EPIUnit, CINTESIS – Center for Research in Health Technologies and Information Systems, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
Department of Biochemistry (U38-FCT), School of Biotechnology, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Animal Facility, Department of Clinical Pathology, ISPUP-EPIUnit, CINTESIS – Center for Research in Health Technologies and Information Systems, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal

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Fátima Martel Department of Biochemistry (U38-FCT), School of Biotechnology, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Animal Facility, Department of Clinical Pathology, ISPUP-EPIUnit, CINTESIS – Center for Research in Health Technologies and Information Systems, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal

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Conceição Calhau Department of Biochemistry (U38-FCT), School of Biotechnology, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Animal Facility, Department of Clinical Pathology, ISPUP-EPIUnit, CINTESIS – Center for Research in Health Technologies and Information Systems, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
Department of Biochemistry (U38-FCT), School of Biotechnology, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Animal Facility, Department of Clinical Pathology, ISPUP-EPIUnit, CINTESIS – Center for Research in Health Technologies and Information Systems, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal

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impaired glycemic control ( Maloney et al . 2011 ) or for a worse metabolic profile ( Sinclair et al . 2007 ) to a greater extent than female offspring. Although sex hormones must be considered as plausible players in sexual dimorphism, particularly in

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/JOE-14-0448
Volume/Issue:
Volume 224: Issue 3
Free access
Fan Yang College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, P. R. China

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Shuang Zhao College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, P. R. China

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Pingqing Wang College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, P. R. China

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Wei Xiang School of Advanced Agriculture and Bioengineering, Yangtze Normal University, Chongqing, P. R. China

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neurons. For example, it has been reported that POMC-specific subtypes drive sexual dimorphism in energy homeostasis ( Burke et al. 2016 , Wang et al. 2018 ). Consistently, in a recent study, Gonza´lez-Garcı´a et al. found that estradiol (E2

Article Type:
Review Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/JOE-23-0079
Volume/Issue:
Volume 258: Issue 3
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Chen-Che Jeff Huang Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA

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Yuan Kang Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA

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studies as being linked to the development and/or regression of the X-zone. Sex steroid hormones The sexual dimorphism of X-zone regression suggests a possible role of sex steroid hormones on inner cortical cells. In male mice, castration increases

Article Type:
Review Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/JOE-18-0632
Volume/Issue:
Volume 241: Issue 1
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Ferran Jardí Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing (CHROMETA), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium

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Michaël R Laurent Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
Gerontology and Geriatrics, Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing (CHROMETA), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium

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Vanessa Dubois Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium

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Nari Kim Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing (CHROMETA), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium

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Rougin Khalil Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing (CHROMETA), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium

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Brigitte Decallonne Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing (CHROMETA), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium

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Dirk Vanderschueren Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing (CHROMETA), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium

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Frank Claessens Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium

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into E2 was required remained debated (see discussion in the ‘Replacement and pharmacological studies in adult rodents’ section). Physical activity is a sexually dimorphic trait in rodents ( Eikelboom & Mills 1988 ), with females being more active than

Article Type:
Review Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/JOE-18-0125
Volume/Issue:
Volume 238: Issue 1
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A Santillo Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali, Biologiche e Farmaceutiche, Seconda Università degli Studi di Napoli, via Vivaldi, 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy

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L Burrone Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali, Biologiche e Farmaceutiche, Seconda Università degli Studi di Napoli, via Vivaldi, 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy

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S Falvo Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali, Biologiche e Farmaceutiche, Seconda Università degli Studi di Napoli, via Vivaldi, 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy

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R Senese Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali, Biologiche e Farmaceutiche, Seconda Università degli Studi di Napoli, via Vivaldi, 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy

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A Lanni Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali, Biologiche e Farmaceutiche, Seconda Università degli Studi di Napoli, via Vivaldi, 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy

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G Chieffi Baccari Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali, Biologiche e Farmaceutiche, Seconda Università degli Studi di Napoli, via Vivaldi, 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy

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al . 2011 a ), as well sexual dimorphism in the golden hamster gland ( McMasters & Hoffman 1984 , Santillo et al . 2008 , Coto-Montes et al . 2009 ). Furthermore, significant evidence suggests that this gland is a target for thyroid hormones (TH

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/JOE-13-0127
Volume/Issue:
Volume 219: Issue 1
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F Vilchis Department of Reproductive Biology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Vasco de Quiroga no. 15, Del. Tlalpan C.P. 14000, México D.F., Mexico

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L Ramos Department of Reproductive Biology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Vasco de Quiroga no. 15, Del. Tlalpan C.P. 14000, México D.F., Mexico

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C Timossi Department of Reproductive Biology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Vasco de Quiroga no. 15, Del. Tlalpan C.P. 14000, México D.F., Mexico

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B Chávez Department of Reproductive Biology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Vasco de Quiroga no. 15, Del. Tlalpan C.P. 14000, México D.F., Mexico

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sexual differences may be easily reversed by changes in sex hormones; castration of adult males increases the intraglandular content of these pigments, and administration of androgens to adult females decreases their intraglandular content ( Hoffman

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1677/joe.1.06300
Volume/Issue:
Volume 189: Issue 1
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Bethany R L Aykroyd Centre for Trophoblast Research, Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK

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Simon J Tunster Centre for Trophoblast Research, Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK

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Amanda N Sferruzzi-Perri Centre for Trophoblast Research, Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK

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-specific differences. Conversely, the Y chromosome contains novel coding genes ( Gubbay et al. 1990 , Yamauchi et al. 2014 ), which may influence placenta function and account for the observed sexual dimorphism. Furthermore, hormone production by the fetal gonads

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/JOE-20-0128
Volume/Issue:
Volume 246: Issue 1
Restricted access
Zhihao Liu Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, School of Life Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
Department of Biochemistry and the Environmental Science Programme, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, China

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Fengrui Wu Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, School of Life Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
Department of Biochemistry and the Environmental Science Programme, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, China

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Baowei Jiao Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, School of Life Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
Department of Biochemistry and the Environmental Science Programme, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, China

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Xiuyue Zhang Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, School of Life Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
Department of Biochemistry and the Environmental Science Programme, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, China

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Chongjiang Hu Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, School of Life Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
Department of Biochemistry and the Environmental Science Programme, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, China

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Baofeng Huang Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, School of Life Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
Department of Biochemistry and the Environmental Science Programme, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, China

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Linyan Zhou Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, School of Life Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
Department of Biochemistry and the Environmental Science Programme, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, China

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Xigui Huang Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, School of Life Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
Department of Biochemistry and the Environmental Science Programme, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, China

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Zhijian Wang Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, School of Life Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
Department of Biochemistry and the Environmental Science Programme, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, China

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Yaoguang Zhang Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, School of Life Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
Department of Biochemistry and the Environmental Science Programme, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, China

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Yoshitaka Nagahama Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, School of Life Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
Department of Biochemistry and the Environmental Science Programme, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, China

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Christopher H K Cheng Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, School of Life Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
Department of Biochemistry and the Environmental Science Programme, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, China

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Deshou Wang Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, School of Life Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
Department of Biochemistry and the Environmental Science Programme, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, China

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melanocortin-3 receptor mRNA expression in mouse pituitary glands in vivo and in vitro . Neuroendocrinology 80 143 –151. Melo AC & Ramsdell JS 2001 Sexual dimorphism of brain aromatase activity in medaka: induction of a

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1677/JOE-07-0135
Volume/Issue:
Volume 194: Issue 1
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Dieuwertje C E Spaanderman Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands

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Mark Nixon BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom

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Jacobus C Buurstede Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands

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Hetty H C M Sips Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands

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Maaike Schilperoort Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands

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Eline N Kuipers Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands

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Emma A Backer Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands

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Sander Kooijman Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands

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Patrick C N Rensen Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands

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Natalie Z M Homer BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom

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Brian R Walker BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
Institute for Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom

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Onno C Meijer Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands

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Jan Kroon Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands

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different peripheral tissues, distinct AR-mediated effects on glucocorticoid regulation thus underlie the reduced GR-regulated transcriptional activity. Sexual dimorphism exists in metabolic processes and affects incidence of metabolic disease. For example

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/JOE-18-0503
Volume/Issue:
Volume 240: Issue 1
Free access