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Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Shanghai, China
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Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Shanghai, China
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Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Shanghai, China
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Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Shanghai, China
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Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Shanghai, China
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Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Shanghai, China
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Introduction Osteoporosis commonly occurs in postmenopausal women with estrogen deficiency and can cause serious bone loss and fractures ( Rachner et al. 2011 ). It is now known that estrogen acts directly on osteoblast lineage cells
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Osteoclasts are actively motile on bone surfaces and undergo alternating cycles of migration and resorption. Osteoclast interaction with the extracellular matrix plays a key role in the osteoclast resorptive process and a substantial body of evidence suggests that integrin receptors are important in osteoclast function. These integrin receptors bind to the Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) sequence found in a variety of extracellular matrix proteins and it is well established that the interaction of osteoclast alpha v beta 3 integrin with the RGD motif within bone matrix proteins is important in osteoclast-mediated bone resorption. In this study, we characterized the effects of two synthetic peptidomimetic antagonists of alpha v beta 3, SC-56631 and SC-65811, on rabbit osteoclast adhesion to purified matrix proteins and bone, and on bone resorption in vitro. SC-56631 and SC-65811 are potent inhibitors of vitronectin binding to purified alpha v beta 3. Both SC-56631 and SC-65811 inhibited osteoclast adhesion to osteopontin- and vitronectin-coated surfaces and time-lapse video microscopy showed that osteoclasts rapidly retract from osteopontin-coated surfaces when exposed to SC-56631 and SC-65811. SC-56631 and SC-65811 blocked osteoclast-mediated bone resorption in a dose-responsive manner. Further analysis showed that SC-65811 and SC-56631 reduced the number of resorption pits produced per osteoclast and the average pit size. SC-65811 was a more potent inhibitor of bone resorption and the combination of reduced pit number and size led to a 90% inhibition of bone resorption. Surprisingly, however, osteoclasts treated with SC-65811, SC-56631 or the disintegrin echistatin, at concentrations that inhibit bone resorption did not inhibit osteoclast adhesion to bone. These results suggest that alphavbeta3 antagonists inhibited bone resorption by decreasing osteoclast bone resorptive activity or efficiency but not by inhibiting osteoclast adhesion to bone per se.
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) were expressed on bone cells and that their haploinsufficiency in Tshr +/ − mice caused osteopenia without affecting the thyroid function ( Abe et al . 2003 ). Likewise, receptors for follicle-stimulating hormone (FSHRs) are expressed in
Department of Endocrinology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Department of Endocrinology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Department of Nephrology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Department of Endocrinology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Introduction Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a very common disease affecting up to 15% of the general population, and its prevalence markedly increases with age ( https://nccd.cdc.gov/CKD/ ). Chronic kidney disease–mineral and bone disorder
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Division of Endocrinology, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Urology and Pathology, Departments of Craniofacial Biology and Microbiology and Immunology, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Internal Medicine, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan 48201, USA
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Division of Endocrinology, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Urology and Pathology, Departments of Craniofacial Biology and Microbiology and Immunology, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Internal Medicine, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan 48201, USA
Division of Endocrinology, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Urology and Pathology, Departments of Craniofacial Biology and Microbiology and Immunology, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Internal Medicine, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan 48201, USA
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Introduction Osteoporosis, which is characterized by reduced bone mass, is a major health concern around the world. Parathyroid hormone (PTH), secreted from the parathyroid glands, is involved in calcium homeostasis and is a critical mediator of
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Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) has been shown to possess anabolic properties when administered systemically. All the experiments performed so far examined long bones from animals of varying age and bone status. In this study we compared the changes in bone mass of long bones (femur, tibia and humerus) to those in calvariae after a 3-week daily administration of 6 mg/kg PGE2 into 3-week-old rats. This regimen inhibited body weight gain (by 14.1%) as well as longitudinal growth of long bones (by 2.2-3.5%) but increased their mass. Ash weight (measuring both cancellous and compact bone) increased by 10.1-14.1% but tibial cancellous bone area was elevated by 54%. Radial growth was slightly reduced due to transient inhibition of mineral apposition rate at the periosteal envelope but the expansion of the marrow cavity was inhibited to a greater extent, resulting in an 8.1% increase in the relative compact bone area. The increased bone mass was associated with greater mechanical strength of the femoral neck (24.2% increase in fracture load and 19% in stiffness). In contrast, PGE2 administration did not affect calvarial thickness or mineral apposition rate but increased its density, i.e. reduced the area of marrow spaces due to stimulation of endocortical bone formation at this site. The pattern of bone mass changes documented in this study closely correlates with that of the induced expression of early-response genes following a single dose of PGE2 as we recently reported. These data, therefore, support the hypothesis that in vivo administration of an anabolic dose of PGE2 increases bone formation and augments bone mass largely by stimulating the recruitment of new osteoblasts via induction of the proliferation and/or differentiation of bone marrow osteogenic precursors.
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Clinical Chemistry, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
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The Long Beach VA Medical Center, Long Beach, California, USA
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ovariectomy of female rodents, leads to bone loss and treatment with estrogen in females protects against bone loss ( Lindsay et al. 1976 , Lindberg et al. 2002 ). In men, studies have shown that estrogens have a principal role in bone maturation and
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SUMMARY
Pure calcium deficiency produces osteoporosis, or bone atrophy, in rats, while vitamin D deficiency as well as calcium deficiency leads to osteomalacia, or thin bones with wide osteoid seams. The retention of a dose of strontium in the osteoporotic rats is greater than normal, and this indicates rapid bone formation. The immediate cause of the bone thinning must therefore be an increase in the rate of bone resorption, contrary to the classical concepts of osteoporosis.
Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research at the Sahlgrenska Academy, Göteborg University, Guldhedsgatan 10, SE-413 46 Göteborg, Sweden
Department of Physiology, Göteborg University, Medicinaregatan 9, Box 434 SE-405 30 Göteborg, Sweden
Department of Pharmacology, Göteborg University, Medicinaregatan 9, Box 434 SE-405 30 Göteborg, Sweden
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Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research at the Sahlgrenska Academy, Göteborg University, Guldhedsgatan 10, SE-413 46 Göteborg, Sweden
Department of Physiology, Göteborg University, Medicinaregatan 9, Box 434 SE-405 30 Göteborg, Sweden
Department of Pharmacology, Göteborg University, Medicinaregatan 9, Box 434 SE-405 30 Göteborg, Sweden
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Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research at the Sahlgrenska Academy, Göteborg University, Guldhedsgatan 10, SE-413 46 Göteborg, Sweden
Department of Physiology, Göteborg University, Medicinaregatan 9, Box 434 SE-405 30 Göteborg, Sweden
Department of Pharmacology, Göteborg University, Medicinaregatan 9, Box 434 SE-405 30 Göteborg, Sweden
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Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research at the Sahlgrenska Academy, Göteborg University, Guldhedsgatan 10, SE-413 46 Göteborg, Sweden
Department of Physiology, Göteborg University, Medicinaregatan 9, Box 434 SE-405 30 Göteborg, Sweden
Department of Pharmacology, Göteborg University, Medicinaregatan 9, Box 434 SE-405 30 Göteborg, Sweden
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Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research at the Sahlgrenska Academy, Göteborg University, Guldhedsgatan 10, SE-413 46 Göteborg, Sweden
Department of Physiology, Göteborg University, Medicinaregatan 9, Box 434 SE-405 30 Göteborg, Sweden
Department of Pharmacology, Göteborg University, Medicinaregatan 9, Box 434 SE-405 30 Göteborg, Sweden
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Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research at the Sahlgrenska Academy, Göteborg University, Guldhedsgatan 10, SE-413 46 Göteborg, Sweden
Department of Physiology, Göteborg University, Medicinaregatan 9, Box 434 SE-405 30 Göteborg, Sweden
Department of Pharmacology, Göteborg University, Medicinaregatan 9, Box 434 SE-405 30 Göteborg, Sweden
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Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research at the Sahlgrenska Academy, Göteborg University, Guldhedsgatan 10, SE-413 46 Göteborg, Sweden
Department of Physiology, Göteborg University, Medicinaregatan 9, Box 434 SE-405 30 Göteborg, Sweden
Department of Pharmacology, Göteborg University, Medicinaregatan 9, Box 434 SE-405 30 Göteborg, Sweden
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Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research at the Sahlgrenska Academy, Göteborg University, Guldhedsgatan 10, SE-413 46 Göteborg, Sweden
Department of Physiology, Göteborg University, Medicinaregatan 9, Box 434 SE-405 30 Göteborg, Sweden
Department of Pharmacology, Göteborg University, Medicinaregatan 9, Box 434 SE-405 30 Göteborg, Sweden
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Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research at the Sahlgrenska Academy, Göteborg University, Guldhedsgatan 10, SE-413 46 Göteborg, Sweden
Department of Physiology, Göteborg University, Medicinaregatan 9, Box 434 SE-405 30 Göteborg, Sweden
Department of Pharmacology, Göteborg University, Medicinaregatan 9, Box 434 SE-405 30 Göteborg, Sweden
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Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research at the Sahlgrenska Academy, Göteborg University, Guldhedsgatan 10, SE-413 46 Göteborg, Sweden
Department of Physiology, Göteborg University, Medicinaregatan 9, Box 434 SE-405 30 Göteborg, Sweden
Department of Pharmacology, Göteborg University, Medicinaregatan 9, Box 434 SE-405 30 Göteborg, Sweden
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Introduction Estrogens are of importance for the regulation of bone metabolism in both males and females. It is generally believed that estrogens exert their bone sparing effects directly on the cells within the bone compartment
Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Seoul, Republic of Korea
Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Seoul, Republic of Korea
Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Seoul, Republic of Korea
Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Seoul, Republic of Korea
Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Seoul, Republic of Korea
Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Seoul, Republic of Korea
Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Seoul, Republic of Korea
Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Seoul, Republic of Korea
Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Introduction There is increasing evidence of a biochemical link between increased oxidative stress and reduced bone density. The levels of 8-iso-prostaglandin (PG) F 2 -α, a biomarker of oxidative stress, were found to be negatively