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given are those obtained during the week prior to the study (see Materials and Methods). Prior to the laboratory session In order to maintain or establish regular circadian rhythms (i.e. for the shift workers to be adapted for the laboratory study) and
Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
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SHAM group exhibited robust circadian rhythms with mutual phases as expected according to the TTFL model, that is, Bmal1 and Nr1d1 acrophases in antiphase, and the Per1 acrophase delayed to Nr1d1 and advanced to Per2 ( Table 1 – cosinor
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, referred to as ‘peripheral clocks’. The circadian rhythm of circulating glucocorticoids (generated via the HPA axis) provides a key coordination link between the central SCN clock and these peripheral clocks ( Hastings et al . 2007 ), and as such plays a
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oxytocin receptors on isolated rat fat cells . European Journal of Biochemistry 56 295 – 303 . ( doi:10.1111/j.1432-1033.1975.tb02233.x ) Bray MS Young ME 2007 Circadian rhythms in the development of obesity: potential role for the circadian
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Rheoscience A/S, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Neurology Service, Department of Neurology and Neurosciencies, NovoNordisk A/S, Rødovre 2610, Copenhagen, Denmark
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was measured in duplicate at all time points using a commercially available insulin ELISA assay (Diamyd Diagnostics, Stockholm, Sweden). Circadian rhythm hormone profile Measurements of the circadian rhythms of leptin and insulin were performed in rats
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621 – 626 . Hriscu M 2004 Circadian phagocytic activity of neutrophils and its modulation by light . Journal of Applied Biomedicine 2 199 – 211 . Hriscu M Saulea G Vidrascu N Baciu I 1998 Circadian rhythm of phagocytosis in mice
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surge generator requires information regarding the light–darkness environment ( Freeman 1994 ); a circadian rhythm generated in the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nucleus in response to light–darkness cycles entrains the GnRH surge generator to produce the
Department of Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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peripheral tissue to anticipate environmental stimuli ( Takahashi & Zatz 1982 ). The GR and MR are not expressed in the SCN but the GR serves as a zeitgeber of the circadian clock in peripheral tissues ( Kino & Chrousos 2011 a ). Circadian rhythm is driven
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patterns observed in most depressed patients and the recent licensing of agomelatine, which re-synchronizes disrupted circadian rhythms ( Yous et al . (1992) , for review, see de Bodinat et al . (2010) ). In line with this, it was recently shown in
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same daily rhythmicity in its synthesis as observed for pineal melatonin. However, these daily patterns are particular to each species. For example, in goldfish, gut melatonin synthesis shows a clear circadian rhythm that is in phase with that of the