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Brittney L Marshall Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA

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Yang Liu Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
Informatics Institute, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA

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Michelle J Farrington Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA

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Jiude Mao Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA

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William G Helferich Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, USA

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A Katrin Schenk Physics, Randolph College, Lynchburg, Virginia, USA

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Nathan J Bivens DNA Core Facility, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA

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Saurav J Sarma Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
MU Metabolomics Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA

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Zhentian Lei Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
MU Metabolomics Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA

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Lloyd W Sumner Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
MU Metabolomics Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA

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Trupti Joshi Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
Informatics Institute, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
Department of Health Management and Informatics, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA

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Cheryl S Rosenfeld Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
Informatics Institute, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
Thompson Center for Autism and Neurobehavioral Disorders, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
Genetics Area Program, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA

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from the background noise) and the number of syllables, syllable durations, syllable's median frequencies, average syllable power and power percent below and above 20 kHz were determined using the analysis program (MATLAB software) designed by Dr Katrin

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James S M Cuffe School of Medical Science and Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Southport, Queensland, Australia
School of Biomedical Sciences, and Child Health Research Centre, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
Mater Research Institute, Translational Research Institute, University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia

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Zarqa Saif Mater Research Institute, Translational Research Institute, University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia

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Anthony V Perkins School of Medical Science and Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Southport, Queensland, Australia

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Karen M Moritz School of Biomedical Sciences, and Child Health Research Centre, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia

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Vicki L Clifton Mater Research Institute, Translational Research Institute, University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia

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Introduction Maternal glucocorticoid exposure programs offspring disease in a sexually dimorphic manner ( O’Regan et al . 2004 , Singh et al . 2012 ). This is in part due to sexually dimorphic placental responses to glucocorticoids during

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D S Gardner Centre for Reproduction and Early Life, Schools of Veterinary Medicine and Science,
Human Development and
Nursing, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Sutton Bonington, Leicestershire LE12 5RD, UK
Macaulay Institute, Craigiebuckler, Aberdeen AB15 8QH, UK

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B W M Van Bon Centre for Reproduction and Early Life, Schools of Veterinary Medicine and Science,
Human Development and
Nursing, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Sutton Bonington, Leicestershire LE12 5RD, UK
Macaulay Institute, Craigiebuckler, Aberdeen AB15 8QH, UK

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J Dandrea Centre for Reproduction and Early Life, Schools of Veterinary Medicine and Science,
Human Development and
Nursing, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Sutton Bonington, Leicestershire LE12 5RD, UK
Macaulay Institute, Craigiebuckler, Aberdeen AB15 8QH, UK

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P J Goddard Centre for Reproduction and Early Life, Schools of Veterinary Medicine and Science,
Human Development and
Nursing, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Sutton Bonington, Leicestershire LE12 5RD, UK
Macaulay Institute, Craigiebuckler, Aberdeen AB15 8QH, UK

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S F May Centre for Reproduction and Early Life, Schools of Veterinary Medicine and Science,
Human Development and
Nursing, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Sutton Bonington, Leicestershire LE12 5RD, UK
Macaulay Institute, Craigiebuckler, Aberdeen AB15 8QH, UK

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V Wilson Centre for Reproduction and Early Life, Schools of Veterinary Medicine and Science,
Human Development and
Nursing, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Sutton Bonington, Leicestershire LE12 5RD, UK
Macaulay Institute, Craigiebuckler, Aberdeen AB15 8QH, UK

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T Stephenson Centre for Reproduction and Early Life, Schools of Veterinary Medicine and Science,
Human Development and
Nursing, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Sutton Bonington, Leicestershire LE12 5RD, UK
Macaulay Institute, Craigiebuckler, Aberdeen AB15 8QH, UK

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M E Symonds Centre for Reproduction and Early Life, Schools of Veterinary Medicine and Science,
Human Development and
Nursing, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Sutton Bonington, Leicestershire LE12 5RD, UK
Macaulay Institute, Craigiebuckler, Aberdeen AB15 8QH, UK

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, dyslipidemia, obesity and cardiovascular disease). This has become known as fetal and infant developmental ‘programming’; whereby a stimulus or insult occurring during a vulnerable or sensitive period of growth and development has lasting effects on the

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Luba Sominsky School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia

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Ilvana Ziko School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia

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Thai-Xinh Nguyen School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia

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Julie Quach School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia

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Sarah J Spencer School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia

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anorexigenic neuropeptide, POMC, within the hypothalamus ( Plagemann et al . 2009 ). This altered methylation pattern may at least partially mediate the long-term programming of obesity in the environment of early overnutrition. No changes in the methylation

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K L Davies Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, UK

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J Miles Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, UK

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E J Camm Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, UK
The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Australia

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D J Smith Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, UK

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P Barker MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, Mouse Biochemistry Laboratory, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK

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K Taylor Endocrine Laboratory, Blood Sciences, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Hills Road, Cambridge, UK

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A J Forhead Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, UK
Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK

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A L Fowden Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, UK

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). Collectively, these studies have led to the concept that adult metabolic and endocrine function can be programmed developmentally in utero . With many of the prenatal environmental challenges known to programme postnatal phenotype, concentrations of the

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Ellen Kanitz Research Unit Behavioural Physiology, Research Institute for the Biology of Farm Animals, Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany

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Winfried Otten Research Unit Behavioural Physiology, Research Institute for the Biology of Farm Animals, Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany

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Margret Tuchscherer Research Unit Behavioural Physiology, Research Institute for the Biology of Farm Animals, Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany

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physiological systems result in ‘prenatal programming’ ( Barker et al. 1993 , Edwards et al. 1993 ). The brain is very sensitive to prenatal programming and glucocorticoids, in particular, have strong brain-programming properties. It was shown that maternal

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Ralf Baumeister Bio 3, Bioinformatics and Molecular Genetics, University of Freiburg, Germany
ZBSA – Freiburg Center for Systems Biology, University of Freiburg, Germany
Renal Division, University Hospital Freiburg, Germany

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Elke Schaffitzel Bio 3, Bioinformatics and Molecular Genetics, University of Freiburg, Germany
ZBSA – Freiburg Center for Systems Biology, University of Freiburg, Germany
Renal Division, University Hospital Freiburg, Germany

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Maren Hertweck Bio 3, Bioinformatics and Molecular Genetics, University of Freiburg, Germany
ZBSA – Freiburg Center for Systems Biology, University of Freiburg, Germany
Renal Division, University Hospital Freiburg, Germany

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, lifespan extension and stress tolerance are parallel phenomena, suggesting that a similar genetic program is involved in both aspects ( Tatar et al. 2003 , Gami & Wolkow 2006 ). Mutations in components of the insulin pathway also display defects in egg

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Ananda Malta
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Júlio Cezar de Oliveira
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Tatiane Aparecida da Silva Ribeiro
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Laize Peron Tófolo
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Luiz Felipe Barella
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Kelly Valério Prates
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Rosiane Aparecida Miranda
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Ghada Elmhiri Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, UPSP‐EGEAL Institut Polytechnique LaSalle de Beauvais, Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Block H67, Room 19, State University of Maringá, Colombo Avenue 5970, 87020-900 Maringá, Parana, Brazil

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Claudinéia Conationi da Silva Franco
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Aryane Rodrigues Agostinho
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Amanda Bianchi Trombini
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Audrei Pavanello
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Clarice Gravena
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Latifa Abdennebi-Najar Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, UPSP‐EGEAL Institut Polytechnique LaSalle de Beauvais, Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Block H67, Room 19, State University of Maringá, Colombo Avenue 5970, 87020-900 Maringá, Parana, Brazil

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Paulo Cezar de Freitas Mathias
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Introduction The developmental origins of health and disease (DOHaD) concept originates from the epidemiological, clinical, and experimental evidence that insults during early life can program metabolic dysfunctions later in life and cause great

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V K Turan
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R I Sanchez
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J J Li
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S A Li
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K R Reuhl
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P E Thomas
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A H Conney
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M A Gallo
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F C Kauffman
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S Mesia-Vela
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, 18 min convex gradient (SCL-6B time/ program menu −10) to 90% B, 2 min 90% B, 2 min linear curve from 90 to 35% B, and re-equilibrated for12 min at 35% B. The amount of estrogen present in each pellet was calculated by fitting the data to standard

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K L Franko Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EG, UK

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A J Forhead Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EG, UK

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A L Fowden Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EG, UK

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that adult disease can originate in utero as a result of developmental programming of key tissues and organ systems during suboptimal intrauterine conditions associated with poor fetal growth ( Gluckman et al . 2008 ). Experimentally, prenatal

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