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Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
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Informatics Institute, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
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Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
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Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
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MU Metabolomics Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
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MU Metabolomics Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
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MU Metabolomics Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
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Informatics Institute, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
Department of Health Management and Informatics, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
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Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
Informatics Institute, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
Thompson Center for Autism and Neurobehavioral Disorders, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
Genetics Area Program, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
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from the background noise) and the number of syllables, syllable durations, syllable's median frequencies, average syllable power and power percent below and above 20 kHz were determined using the analysis program (MATLAB software) designed by Dr Katrin
School of Biomedical Sciences, and Child Health Research Centre, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
Mater Research Institute, Translational Research Institute, University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
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Introduction Maternal glucocorticoid exposure programs offspring disease in a sexually dimorphic manner ( O’Regan et al . 2004 , Singh et al . 2012 ). This is in part due to sexually dimorphic placental responses to glucocorticoids during
Human Development and
Nursing, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Sutton Bonington, Leicestershire LE12 5RD, UK
Macaulay Institute, Craigiebuckler, Aberdeen AB15 8QH, UK
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Human Development and
Nursing, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Sutton Bonington, Leicestershire LE12 5RD, UK
Macaulay Institute, Craigiebuckler, Aberdeen AB15 8QH, UK
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Human Development and
Nursing, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Sutton Bonington, Leicestershire LE12 5RD, UK
Macaulay Institute, Craigiebuckler, Aberdeen AB15 8QH, UK
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Human Development and
Nursing, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Sutton Bonington, Leicestershire LE12 5RD, UK
Macaulay Institute, Craigiebuckler, Aberdeen AB15 8QH, UK
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Human Development and
Nursing, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Sutton Bonington, Leicestershire LE12 5RD, UK
Macaulay Institute, Craigiebuckler, Aberdeen AB15 8QH, UK
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Human Development and
Nursing, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Sutton Bonington, Leicestershire LE12 5RD, UK
Macaulay Institute, Craigiebuckler, Aberdeen AB15 8QH, UK
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Human Development and
Nursing, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Sutton Bonington, Leicestershire LE12 5RD, UK
Macaulay Institute, Craigiebuckler, Aberdeen AB15 8QH, UK
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Human Development and
Nursing, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Sutton Bonington, Leicestershire LE12 5RD, UK
Macaulay Institute, Craigiebuckler, Aberdeen AB15 8QH, UK
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, dyslipidemia, obesity and cardiovascular disease). This has become known as fetal and infant developmental ‘programming’; whereby a stimulus or insult occurring during a vulnerable or sensitive period of growth and development has lasting effects on the
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anorexigenic neuropeptide, POMC, within the hypothalamus ( Plagemann et al . 2009 ). This altered methylation pattern may at least partially mediate the long-term programming of obesity in the environment of early overnutrition. No changes in the methylation
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The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Australia
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Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK
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). Collectively, these studies have led to the concept that adult metabolic and endocrine function can be programmed developmentally in utero . With many of the prenatal environmental challenges known to programme postnatal phenotype, concentrations of the
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physiological systems result in ‘prenatal programming’ ( Barker et al. 1993 , Edwards et al. 1993 ). The brain is very sensitive to prenatal programming and glucocorticoids, in particular, have strong brain-programming properties. It was shown that maternal
ZBSA – Freiburg Center for Systems Biology, University of Freiburg, Germany
Renal Division, University Hospital Freiburg, Germany
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ZBSA – Freiburg Center for Systems Biology, University of Freiburg, Germany
Renal Division, University Hospital Freiburg, Germany
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ZBSA – Freiburg Center for Systems Biology, University of Freiburg, Germany
Renal Division, University Hospital Freiburg, Germany
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, lifespan extension and stress tolerance are parallel phenomena, suggesting that a similar genetic program is involved in both aspects ( Tatar et al. 2003 , Gami & Wolkow 2006 ). Mutations in components of the insulin pathway also display defects in egg
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Introduction The developmental origins of health and disease (DOHaD) concept originates from the epidemiological, clinical, and experimental evidence that insults during early life can program metabolic dysfunctions later in life and cause great
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, 18 min convex gradient (SCL-6B time/ program menu −10) to 90% B, 2 min 90% B, 2 min linear curve from 90 to 35% B, and re-equilibrated for12 min at 35% B. The amount of estrogen present in each pellet was calculated by fitting the data to standard
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that adult disease can originate in utero as a result of developmental programming of key tissues and organ systems during suboptimal intrauterine conditions associated with poor fetal growth ( Gluckman et al . 2008 ). Experimentally, prenatal