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SUMMARY
Earlier experiments have shown that treatment with methylandrostenediol (MAD) results in the accumulation of hyalin granules in the adrenocortical cells. This is accompanied by the development of nephrosclerosis, periarteritis nodosa, myocarditis and other changes characteristic of an intoxication with mineralo-corticoids such as desoxycorticosterone. It had also been found that adrenalectomy prevents all these effects of MAD. The present experiments on rats show that, in the absence of the thyroid, the production by this steroid of hyalin granules in the adrenals is diminished but not abolished. At the same time there occurs a dissociation in the other actions of MAD in so far as nephrosclerosis, myocarditis and hypertension are largely inhibited; polyuria, thymus involution and the effects typical of all androgens are uninfluenced; while the severity of mesenteric periarteritis nodosa is actually aggravated by thyroidectomy. The significance of this dissociation is discussed in relation to the effects produced by excessive amounts of androgenic or mineralo-corticoid compounds.
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SUMMARY
Renal excretion in intact, sham-operated and neurohypophysectomized ducks was studied. Neurohypophysectomy produced immediate and profound polydipsia and polyuria. These conditions steadily diminished during the first 2 weeks after the operation and by the 14th day they had stabilized at levels which were approximately three times higher than the corresponding values in sham-operated birds. The stabilized levels of polydipsia and polyuria persisted throughout the remainder of the 60–90 day experimental period. The rates of excretion of Na+, Cl− and total osmotically active material were also increased when compared with intact or sham-operated birds. No change in the rate of K+ excretion was observed.
The i.m. administration of vasopressin reduced the rate of urine flow to that observed in the control birds but the rates of electrolyte excretion were not restored to normal. Synthetic oxytocin had no antidiuretic effect in the neurohypophysectomized birds. Arginine vasotocin treatment restored the rates of both water and ion excretion to values very close to those observed in intact and sham-operated birds.
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Search for other papers by D. M. BIDDULPH in
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We have demonstrated that removal of the parathyroid glands in the hamster results in an increased urinary excretion of calcium which accompanies a fall in serum calcium (Biddulph & Gallimore, 1972). In the present study we investigated the early effects of parathyroidectomy (PTX) in this species to determine how rapidly inhibition of parathyroid hormone (PTH) secretion can alter urinary excretion and serum concentration of calcium.
Male golden hamsters, Mesocricetus auratus (Engle Laboratories, Farmersburg, Indiana) weighing 85–90 g, were fasted 40 h before treatment. Animals were PTX by surgical excision or sham-operated and immediately injected i.v. with 5 or 65 U.S.P. units parathyroid extract (PTE, donated by Eli Lilly and Co., Indianapolis, Indiana) or vehicle (acidified isotonic saline, pH 3·2). Urine samples were collected as previously described (Biddulph, 1972) for various periods, and blood samples obtained at the end of each collection interval. Protein-bound and ultrafiltrable fractions of serum calcium were
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Search for other papers by C. J. EDMONDS in
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SUMMARY
Rats were given a continuous intravenous infusion of aldosterone for up to 16 days. The rate of urinary Na+ excretion was initially depressed, but 'escape' occurred in about 4 days. Diurnal variation of Na+ excretion rate persisted even when the Na+ intake rate was controlled by infusion and when there was a continuous high level of exogenous aldosterone. After stopping aldosterone infusion, a transient rise in the rate of Na+ excretion was observed. Colonic transepithelial potential difference remained elevated as long as the infusion was continued and the short-circuit current, which is largely accounted for by active Na+ absorption, was increased. Stool Na+ content was reduced. The Na+ transport system of colonic epithelium, unlike that of kidney, does not appear to escape from the effect of aldosterone.
Faculty of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
Search for other papers by Jinn-Yang Chen in
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Division of Nephrology, Wen-Lin Hemodialysis Unit, Taipei, Taiwan
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Section of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Heping Branch, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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Department of Medical Research and Education, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
Department of Education and Research, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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renal function, abnormal hormone plasma levels and altered regulatory mechanisms caused by the uremic milieu ( Mills et al . 2013 ). Leptin, a small peptide (16 kDa) belonging to the IL-6 family of cytokines, acts as a coactivator with transforming
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Departments of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Pathology, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, Ohio 45435, USA
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Search for other papers by Khalid M Elased in
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fibrosis ( Ghosh et al . 2009 ) and advanced glycation end products ( Boor et al . 2009 ). Some studies on rodent models have validated the beneficial effect of exercise on renal and cardiac renin–angiotensin system (RAS) components ( Pereira et al
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SUMMARY
Microgram quantities of tritiated aldosterone or cortisol were injected into the aorta of rats. The kidneys were removed at various times after injection, and examined by light and electron microscope autoradiography. The mineralocorticoids or their metabolites were bound to kidney cells in amounts sufficient to give autoradiographs. Radioactivity occurred mainly in the proximal and distal convoluted tubules. Within these cells it was bound mainly to mitochondria and plasma membranes. The results are discussed in relation to the current theories of mineralocorticoid action.
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Introduction Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a group of kidney disorders characterized by a decline in the glomerular filtration rate with adverse outcomes, and it ultimately leads to end-stage renal disease (ESRD) ( Levey et al. 2005 ). CKD
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, a species in which testosterone is the major determinant of the gender dimorphism found in extra-genital tissues (Koening et al. 1980, Bardin & Catterall 1981 ). We have studied the influence of dietary arginine in renal size, renal ornithine
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renal fibrosis and is inversely correlated with renal function in humans ( Nguyen et al . 2006 ). Thus, suppressing the infiltration of inflammatory macrophages alleviated insulin resistance and DN ( Nistala et al . 2014 , Eun Lee et al. 2016
