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I. D. Gilham
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B. I. Baker
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ABSTRACT

This work examines the difference in responsiveness to stress which characterizes fish adapted to white and black backgrounds. Trout were maintained in black or white tanks for 2 weeks and then subjected to intermittent intense or moderate noise stress for periods between 1 h and 5 days, or to the stress of being injected daily with a large volume of liquid for 3 days. Plasma cortisol concentrations increased more readily and to a greater extent in fish from black tanks in response to moderate stress or brief intense stress. Dexamethasone suppressed the stress-induced rise of cortisol in white-adapted fish but was only partially effective in trout from black backgrounds. These differences in plasma cortisol between black- and white-adapted fish can be related to the different titres of plasma ACTH, apparently derived from the pars distalis.

Removal of the neurointermediate lobe (NIL) from black-adapted eels markedly depressed the normal rise in plasma cortisol elicited by noise stress. It is suggested that products from the NIL may modulate the stress response of the hypothalamo-pituitary axis although other routes through which background colour could affect the pituitary responsiveness to stress are also considered. In several cases, stress also enhanced the secretion of MSH from the NIL.

J. Endocr. (1985) 105, 99–105

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Shin Tsunekawa Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, School of Medicine, Nagoya University, 65 Tsuruma-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
Central Research Laboratory, Sanwa Kagaku Kenkyusho Co. Ltd, 363 Shiosaki, Hokusei, Inabe, Mie 511-0406, Japan
Department of Pharmacology, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, 1-1 Idaigaoka, Hasama, Yufu, Oita 879-5593, Japan

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Naoki Yamamoto Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, School of Medicine, Nagoya University, 65 Tsuruma-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
Central Research Laboratory, Sanwa Kagaku Kenkyusho Co. Ltd, 363 Shiosaki, Hokusei, Inabe, Mie 511-0406, Japan
Department of Pharmacology, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, 1-1 Idaigaoka, Hasama, Yufu, Oita 879-5593, Japan

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Katsura Tsukamoto Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, School of Medicine, Nagoya University, 65 Tsuruma-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
Central Research Laboratory, Sanwa Kagaku Kenkyusho Co. Ltd, 363 Shiosaki, Hokusei, Inabe, Mie 511-0406, Japan
Department of Pharmacology, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, 1-1 Idaigaoka, Hasama, Yufu, Oita 879-5593, Japan

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Yuji Itoh Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, School of Medicine, Nagoya University, 65 Tsuruma-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
Central Research Laboratory, Sanwa Kagaku Kenkyusho Co. Ltd, 363 Shiosaki, Hokusei, Inabe, Mie 511-0406, Japan
Department of Pharmacology, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, 1-1 Idaigaoka, Hasama, Yufu, Oita 879-5593, Japan

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Yukiko Kaneko Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, School of Medicine, Nagoya University, 65 Tsuruma-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
Central Research Laboratory, Sanwa Kagaku Kenkyusho Co. Ltd, 363 Shiosaki, Hokusei, Inabe, Mie 511-0406, Japan
Department of Pharmacology, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, 1-1 Idaigaoka, Hasama, Yufu, Oita 879-5593, Japan

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Toshihide Kimura Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, School of Medicine, Nagoya University, 65 Tsuruma-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
Central Research Laboratory, Sanwa Kagaku Kenkyusho Co. Ltd, 363 Shiosaki, Hokusei, Inabe, Mie 511-0406, Japan
Department of Pharmacology, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, 1-1 Idaigaoka, Hasama, Yufu, Oita 879-5593, Japan

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Yoh Ariyoshi Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, School of Medicine, Nagoya University, 65 Tsuruma-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
Central Research Laboratory, Sanwa Kagaku Kenkyusho Co. Ltd, 363 Shiosaki, Hokusei, Inabe, Mie 511-0406, Japan
Department of Pharmacology, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, 1-1 Idaigaoka, Hasama, Yufu, Oita 879-5593, Japan

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Yoshitaka Miura Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, School of Medicine, Nagoya University, 65 Tsuruma-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
Central Research Laboratory, Sanwa Kagaku Kenkyusho Co. Ltd, 363 Shiosaki, Hokusei, Inabe, Mie 511-0406, Japan
Department of Pharmacology, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, 1-1 Idaigaoka, Hasama, Yufu, Oita 879-5593, Japan

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Yutaka Oiso Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, School of Medicine, Nagoya University, 65 Tsuruma-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
Central Research Laboratory, Sanwa Kagaku Kenkyusho Co. Ltd, 363 Shiosaki, Hokusei, Inabe, Mie 511-0406, Japan
Department of Pharmacology, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, 1-1 Idaigaoka, Hasama, Yufu, Oita 879-5593, Japan

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Ichiro Niki Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, School of Medicine, Nagoya University, 65 Tsuruma-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
Central Research Laboratory, Sanwa Kagaku Kenkyusho Co. Ltd, 363 Shiosaki, Hokusei, Inabe, Mie 511-0406, Japan
Department of Pharmacology, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, 1-1 Idaigaoka, Hasama, Yufu, Oita 879-5593, Japan

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participate in the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus ( Donath et al. 1999 , Mandrup-Poulsen 2003 , Scheuner et al. 2005 ). Among them, more attention has recently been directed to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. ER stress is a series of cellular

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F. E. BADRICK
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R. W. BRIMBLECOMBE
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M. REISS
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SUMMARY

Rats stressed by swimming in cold water (15° C) show a considerably decreased uptake of 32P by the thyroid gland, which is comparable with the decrease in the uptake of 131I. The 32P uptake of the adrenals is increased.

These changes are independent of the anterior lobe of the pituitary, since they also occur after hypophysectomy. It is assumed that they are caused by the increased production of vaso-constrictor substances, since treatment with adrenaline produced identical changes in the function of thyroid and adrenals in both intact and hypophysectomized rats.

The significance of these changes in formulating a concept of the physiological reaction of the organism to conditions of stress is discussed.

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David A Baltzegar Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Campus Box 7617, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-7617, USA

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Benjamin J Reading Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Campus Box 7617, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-7617, USA

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Jonathon D Douros Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Campus Box 7617, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-7617, USA

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Russell J Borski Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Campus Box 7617, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-7617, USA

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discrete roles of mobilizing energy during periods of stress or catabolism among vertebrate groups. Two leptin paralogs ( lepa and lepb ) exist in many teleosts, suggesting genome duplication as a potential mechanism of functional divergence ( Gorissen

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Parveen Abidi Department of Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Immunology, Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), 3801 Miranda Avenue, Palo Alto, California 94304, USA

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Haiyan Zhang Department of Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Immunology, Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), 3801 Miranda Avenue, Palo Alto, California 94304, USA

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Syed M Zaidi Department of Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Immunology, Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), 3801 Miranda Avenue, Palo Alto, California 94304, USA

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Wen-Jun Shen Department of Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Immunology, Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), 3801 Miranda Avenue, Palo Alto, California 94304, USA

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Susan Leers-Sucheta Department of Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Immunology, Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), 3801 Miranda Avenue, Palo Alto, California 94304, USA

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Yuan Cortez Department of Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Immunology, Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), 3801 Miranda Avenue, Palo Alto, California 94304, USA

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Jiahuai Han Department of Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Immunology, Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), 3801 Miranda Avenue, Palo Alto, California 94304, USA

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Salman Azhar Department of Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Immunology, Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), 3801 Miranda Avenue, Palo Alto, California 94304, USA
Department of Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Immunology, Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), 3801 Miranda Avenue, Palo Alto, California 94304, USA

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steroidogenic function is accompanied by a significant alteration in oxidative status of rat adrenal and testicular tissues including enhanced oxidative stress, loss of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants and increased membrane lipid peroxidation ( Azhar

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Martha Lappas Mercy Perinatal Research Centre, Translational Proteomics, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology
Mercy Perinatal Research Centre, Translational Proteomics, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology
Mercy Perinatal Research Centre, Translational Proteomics, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology

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Amberlee Mittion Mercy Perinatal Research Centre, Translational Proteomics, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology
Mercy Perinatal Research Centre, Translational Proteomics, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology

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Michael Permezel Mercy Perinatal Research Centre, Translational Proteomics, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology
Mercy Perinatal Research Centre, Translational Proteomics, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology

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a reduced capacity to respond to oxidative stress in terms of 8-isoprostane (marker of lipid peroxidation) and tumour necrosis factor α (TNFα) release ( Coughlan et al . 2004 b ). We concluded that GDM placenta may be pre-conditioned by transient

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Kotaro Horiguchi Division of Histology and Cell Biology, Department of Anatomy, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan

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Tom Kouki Division of Histology and Cell Biology, Department of Anatomy, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan

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Ken Fujiwara Division of Histology and Cell Biology, Department of Anatomy, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan

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Takehiro Tsukada Division of Histology and Cell Biology, Department of Anatomy, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan

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Floren Ly Division of Histology and Cell Biology, Department of Anatomy, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan

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Motoshi Kikuchi Division of Histology and Cell Biology, Department of Anatomy, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan

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Takashi Yashiro Division of Histology and Cell Biology, Department of Anatomy, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan

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identify the mechanism responsible for the extension of FS cell cytoplasmic processes. First, we observed stress fiber formation in FS cells in the presence of laminin, an ECM component of the basement membrane. Stress fibers are composed of bundles of 10

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Chad Osterlund Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado, UCB 345, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA

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Robert L Spencer Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado, UCB 345, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA

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negative feedback function associated with a wide range of clinical disorders (e.g. depression, post-traumatic stress disorder, type II diabetes, chronic fatigue syndrome, fibromyalgia, and chronic facial pain) and associated precursor conditions (e

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Qingling Huang Laval Hospital Research Center and Merck-Frosst/IRSC Obesity Research Chair, 2725 chemin Sainte-Foy, Québec, Canada G1V 4G5

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Elena Timofeeva Laval Hospital Research Center and Merck-Frosst/IRSC Obesity Research Chair, 2725 chemin Sainte-Foy, Québec, Canada G1V 4G5

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Denis Richard Laval Hospital Research Center and Merck-Frosst/IRSC Obesity Research Chair, 2725 chemin Sainte-Foy, Québec, Canada G1V 4G5

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). After a session of treadmill running, about all PVN CRFergic neurons express the immediate early gene c-fos , a marker of persisting neuronal activity ( Timofeeva et al. 2003 ). Besides its stress-related hypophysiotropic effects, CRF blunts energy

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Joanna Klubo-Gwiezdzinska Division of Endocrinology, Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Pediatrics, Laboratory of Clinical Investigations, Department of Medicine, Washington Hospital Center, 110 Irving Street Northwest, Washington, District of Columbia 20010-2910, USA
Division of Endocrinology, Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Pediatrics, Laboratory of Clinical Investigations, Department of Medicine, Washington Hospital Center, 110 Irving Street Northwest, Washington, District of Columbia 20010-2910, USA

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Kirk Jensen Division of Endocrinology, Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Pediatrics, Laboratory of Clinical Investigations, Department of Medicine, Washington Hospital Center, 110 Irving Street Northwest, Washington, District of Columbia 20010-2910, USA

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Andrew Bauer Division of Endocrinology, Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Pediatrics, Laboratory of Clinical Investigations, Department of Medicine, Washington Hospital Center, 110 Irving Street Northwest, Washington, District of Columbia 20010-2910, USA

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Aneeta Patel Division of Endocrinology, Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Pediatrics, Laboratory of Clinical Investigations, Department of Medicine, Washington Hospital Center, 110 Irving Street Northwest, Washington, District of Columbia 20010-2910, USA

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John Costello Jr Division of Endocrinology, Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Pediatrics, Laboratory of Clinical Investigations, Department of Medicine, Washington Hospital Center, 110 Irving Street Northwest, Washington, District of Columbia 20010-2910, USA

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Kenneth D Burman Division of Endocrinology, Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Pediatrics, Laboratory of Clinical Investigations, Department of Medicine, Washington Hospital Center, 110 Irving Street Northwest, Washington, District of Columbia 20010-2910, USA

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Leonard Wartofsky Division of Endocrinology, Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Pediatrics, Laboratory of Clinical Investigations, Department of Medicine, Washington Hospital Center, 110 Irving Street Northwest, Washington, District of Columbia 20010-2910, USA

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Matthew J Hardwick Division of Endocrinology, Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Pediatrics, Laboratory of Clinical Investigations, Department of Medicine, Washington Hospital Center, 110 Irving Street Northwest, Washington, District of Columbia 20010-2910, USA

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Vasyl V Vasko Division of Endocrinology, Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Pediatrics, Laboratory of Clinical Investigations, Department of Medicine, Washington Hospital Center, 110 Irving Street Northwest, Washington, District of Columbia 20010-2910, USA

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Coulter (Fullerton, CA, USA). For induction of oxidative stress, thyroid cancer cells were treated with H 2 O 2 . H 2 O 2 stock solution (100 mM) was added into cell culture medium to achieve the desired working concentration. For TSPO ligand studies, PK

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