. 1989 b ). Cell-type specific expression of the POMC gene in corticotropes and melanotropes is maintained by the expression of Tpit (also called Tbx19), a Tbox family transcription factor, and pituitary homeobox 1 (Pitx1), a homeoprotein transcription
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Itsuo Murakami, Sakae Takeuchi, Toshiyuki Kudo, Shizuyo Sutou, and Sumio Takahashi
Ichiro Kaneko, Rimpi K Saini, Kristin P Griffin, G Kerr Whitfield, Mark R Haussler, and Peter W Jurutka
sensitive to inhibition by cycloheximide ( Kolek et al . 2005 , Haussler et al . 2010 ), suggesting that the transcriptional effect may be secondary and dependent on the induction of an intermediary transcription factor. However, the time course of FGF23
Cyril S Anyetei-Anum, Vincent R Roggero, and Lizabeth A Allison
-dependent transcription factors. By modulating the transcription of target genes in response to ligand, TRs play key physiological roles in the regulation of many aspects of development, growth and metabolism, including the regulation of mitochondrial activity ( Flamant
Lei Zhang, Carol Paddon, Mark D Lewis, Fiona Grennan-Jones, and Marian Ludgate
-Akt (1:1000, room temperature, 1 h, Santa Cruz); and anti phospho-SYK (Tyr 352, 1:5000, overnight, 4 °C, BD Biosciences, San Jose, CA, USA). To investigate transcription factors, rabbit antibodies to phospho-PPARγ (Ser 82, 1:1000 overnight, 4 °C, Upstate
L A Santiago, D A Santiago, L C Faustino, A Cordeiro, P C Lisboa, F E Wondisford, C C Pazos-Moura, and T M Ortiga-Carvalho
Introduction Thyroid hormones (TH) exert profound effects on metabolism and growth. Most of TH actions occur through the nuclear TH receptors (TRs), which are ligand-dependent and ligand-independent transcription factors ( Yen 2001 ). TRs are
Ellen H Stolte, Aurélia F de Mazon, Karen M Leon-Koosterziel, Maria Jesiak, Nic R Bury, Armin Sturm, Huub F J Savelkoul, B M Lidy Verburg van Kemenade, and Gert Flik
Introduction The adrenal cortex of mammals produces cortisol (or corticosterone) as glucocorticoid and aldosterone as mineralocorticoid. The function of these steroids is ultimately specified by the transcription factors (glucocorticoid and
Margaret B Allison and Martin G Myers Jr
Tyr 1138 engages the STAT3 transcription factor. LepRb→STAT3 signaling represents the primary mechanism by which leptin regulates energy balance, although the target genes of STAT3 in LepRb neurons remain undiscovered. Leptin also recruits the IRS2→PI
Mi-Hyun Kim, Jae-Hwan Jee, Sunyoung Park, Myung-Shik Lee, Kwang-Won Kim, and Moon-Kyu Lee
transcription factor 7-like 2 (TCF7L2), which has its binding site in the G2 enhancer element of proglucagon ( G lu ), a precursor of GLP1 ( Akiyama 2000 ). Insulin enhances GLP1 production via inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)-3β
C D Simmons, J M P Pabona, Z Zeng, M C Velarde, D Gaddy, F A Simmen, and R C M Simmen
precise mechanisms and participating molecules remain poorly understood. Krüppel-like factor (KLF) 9, a member of the Sp/KLF family of transcription factors ( Suske et al . 2005 ), is a 244-amino acid protein characterized by three C-terminal zinc finger
Sami Ayari, Eva Gil-Iturbe, Léa le Gléau, Céline Osinski, Nathalie Kapel, Hedi Antoine Soula, Armelle Leturque, Fabrizio Andreelli, Karine Clément, Patricia Serradas, and Agnès Ribeiro
in vivo and in vitro have shown that HNF-4α plays pleiotropic roles in liver functions and is a central transcription factor at the crossroads between epithelial morphogenesis and functions ( Battle et al. 2006 , Ribeiro et al. 2007 , Hwang
