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Yoshimitsu Kuwabara Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nippon Medical School, 1-1-5, Sendagi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8603, Japan

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Akira Katayama Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nippon Medical School, 1-1-5, Sendagi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8603, Japan

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Ryoko Tomiyama Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nippon Medical School, 1-1-5, Sendagi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8603, Japan

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Hu Piao Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nippon Medical School, 1-1-5, Sendagi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8603, Japan

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Sachiko Kurihara Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nippon Medical School, 1-1-5, Sendagi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8603, Japan
Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nippon Medical School, 1-1-5, Sendagi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8603, Japan

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Shuichi Ono Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nippon Medical School, 1-1-5, Sendagi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8603, Japan

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Katsuya Mine Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nippon Medical School, 1-1-5, Sendagi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8603, Japan

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Shigeo Akira Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nippon Medical School, 1-1-5, Sendagi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8603, Japan

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Hideo Orimo Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nippon Medical School, 1-1-5, Sendagi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8603, Japan

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Toshiyuki Takeshita Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nippon Medical School, 1-1-5, Sendagi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8603, Japan

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(Cayman Chemical Company, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; cat #582601) according to the manufacturer's instructions. Western blotting analysis To analyze AKT phosphorylation, 10 μg of control or OPN-treated cell lysate was separated on a 4–20% SDS–polyacrylamide gel

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Wenjun Deng Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China

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Mingyu Xu Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China

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Rui Dong Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China

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Yisha Yan Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China

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Quan Jiang Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China

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, IRS2, and Shc ( Forbes et al. 2020 , Kasprzak 2021 ). These events activate the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway, a critical detector and regulator of nutrient and growth factor levels in cells ( Kim & Guan 2019 , Szwed et al. 2021 ). IGF-1 stimulates amino

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Bo Qian Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Beijing 100730, People's Republic of China
Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Beijing 100730, People's Republic of China

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Haiyan Wang Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Beijing 100730, People's Republic of China

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Xiuli Men Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Beijing 100730, People's Republic of China

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Wenjian Zhang Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Beijing 100730, People's Republic of China

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Hanqing Cai Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Beijing 100730, People's Republic of China

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Shiqing Xu Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Beijing 100730, People's Republic of China

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Yaping Xu Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Beijing 100730, People's Republic of China

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Liya Ye Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Beijing 100730, People's Republic of China

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Claes B Wollheim Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Beijing 100730, People's Republic of China

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Jinning Lou Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Beijing 100730, People's Republic of China

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attracted interest in diabetes research as it has emerged as an endogenous inhibitor of Akt (PKB), which plays a key role in insulin signaling ( Du et al . 2003 ). In addition, the mRNA levels of TRIB3 are elevated in the liver of db/db mice ( Matsushima

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Ana Carolina Ronda Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional del Sur, San Juan 670, Bahía Blanca 8000, Argentina

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Andrea Vasconsuelo Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional del Sur, San Juan 670, Bahía Blanca 8000, Argentina

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Ricardo Boland Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional del Sur, San Juan 670, Bahía Blanca 8000, Argentina

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exerts antiapoptotic effects in the C2C12 muscle cell line upon exposure to H 2 O 2 or etoposide involving the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT/BAD pathway ( Vasconsuelo et al . 2008 ). Also, the antiapoptotic action of the steroid hormone has

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Graziela R Stoppa
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Maristela Cesquini
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Erika A Roman
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Patrícia O Prada Departamento de Bioquímica, Departamento de Clinica Médica, Universidade Braz Cubas, IB, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil

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Adriana S Torsoni Departamento de Bioquímica, Departamento de Clinica Médica, Universidade Braz Cubas, IB, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil

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Talita Romanatto Departamento de Bioquímica, Departamento de Clinica Médica, Universidade Braz Cubas, IB, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil

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Mario J Saad Departamento de Bioquímica, Departamento de Clinica Médica, Universidade Braz Cubas, IB, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil

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Licio A Velloso Departamento de Bioquímica, Departamento de Clinica Médica, Universidade Braz Cubas, IB, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil

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Marcio A Torsoni Departamento de Bioquímica, Departamento de Clinica Médica, Universidade Braz Cubas, IB, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil

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(endovenous, EV). Protein expression was evaluated through immunoblotting with anti total-IR, anti total-IRS1, anti total-IRS2, and anti total-AKT. Protein expression did not change in either tissue (epididymal fat pad and skeletal muscle) after insulin

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Michelle Keramidas Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique, Université Joseph Fourier, Unité 878, Grenoble, France
Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique, Université Joseph Fourier, Unité 878, Grenoble, France
Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique, Université Joseph Fourier, Unité 878, Grenoble, France

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Caroline Faudot Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique, Université Joseph Fourier, Unité 878, Grenoble, France
Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique, Université Joseph Fourier, Unité 878, Grenoble, France
Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique, Université Joseph Fourier, Unité 878, Grenoble, France

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Agnès Cibiel Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique, Université Joseph Fourier, Unité 878, Grenoble, France
Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique, Université Joseph Fourier, Unité 878, Grenoble, France
Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique, Université Joseph Fourier, Unité 878, Grenoble, France

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Jean-Jacques Feige Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique, Université Joseph Fourier, Unité 878, Grenoble, France
Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique, Université Joseph Fourier, Unité 878, Grenoble, France
Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique, Université Joseph Fourier, Unité 878, Grenoble, France

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Michaël Thomas Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique, Université Joseph Fourier, Unité 878, Grenoble, France
Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique, Université Joseph Fourier, Unité 878, Grenoble, France
Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique, Université Joseph Fourier, Unité 878, Grenoble, France

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hydrochloride), and 1 mM sodium orthovanadate) and separated by SDS-PAGE. After electrophoretic transfer onto a nitrocellulose membrane, the phosphorylated forms of ERK1/2 and Akt were analyzed by western blotting using phosphorylation site-specific antibodies

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Victor Wong Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism and the Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

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Linda Szeto Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism and the Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

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Kristine Uffelman Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism and the Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

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I George Fantus Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism and the Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

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Gary F Lewis Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism and the Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

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Biotechnology, Inc. (Santa Cruz, CA, USA). Agarose-conjugated anti-insulin receptor substrate-1 (anti-IRS-1) and anti-p85 subunit of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) antibodies were purchased from Upstate Biotechnology, Inc. (Lake Placid, NY, USA). Anti-AKT

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Xiaoyi Ma Department of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China

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Fei Gao Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China

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Qi Chen Department of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China

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Xiuping Xuan Department of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China

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Ying Wang Department of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China

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Hongjun Deng Department of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China

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Fengying Yang Department of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China

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Li Yuan Department of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China

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:200 Rabbit anti-eNOS #32027, CST IHC: 1:200 Mouse-anti-β-actin 66009-1-lg, Proteintech WB: 1:3000 Rabbit anti-phospho-AKT Ser473 #9271, CST WB: 1:1000 Rabbit anti-AKT #4691, CST WB: 1:2000 Rabbit anti-CREB #9197, CST

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Piotr Zabielski Department of Medical Biology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland

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Marta Chacinska Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Metabolic Disorders, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland

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Karol Charkiewicz Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
Department of Perinatology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland

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Marcin Baranowski Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland

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Jan Gorski Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland

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Agnieszka U Blachnio-Zabielska Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Metabolic Disorders, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland

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isoenzymes ( Itani et al . 2002 ), whereas accumulation of Cer can inhibit the insulin signaling pathway via protein phosphatase 2A (PPA2)-mediated inhibition of Akt/PKB ( Schmitz-Peiffer et al . 1999 ) ( Fig. 1 ). Figure 1 Mechanism of FFA

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Jonathan M Mudry Section for Integrative Physiology, Section for Integrative Physiology, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery

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Julie Massart Section for Integrative Physiology, Section for Integrative Physiology, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery

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Ferenc L M Szekeres Section for Integrative Physiology, Section for Integrative Physiology, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery

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Anna Krook Section for Integrative Physiology, Section for Integrative Physiology, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery
Section for Integrative Physiology, Section for Integrative Physiology, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery

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641 (p-GS) (#3891), ACC (#3676), ACC phosphorylated on serine 79 (p-ACC) (#3661), AKT (or protein kinase B (PKB)) (#9272), and its phosphorylated form on serine 473 (p-AKT) (#9271) were purchased from Cell Signaling (Danvers, MA, USA), GAPDH (#sc

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