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Pinnacle Clinical Research, Live Oak, USA
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Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, USA
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fatty acid-enriched HFD to mice causes inflammation in various tissues and organs including the adipose tissue ( Xu et al. 2003 , Huo et al. 2010 ), the liver ( Cai et al. 2005 , Woo et al. 2014 , Guo et al. 2016 ), small intestine ( Guo et
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Nomenclature Committee of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research ( Parfitt et al . 1987 ). Osteoblast and osteoclast cultures Bone marrow cells were harvested from femurs and tibias of 8-week-old mice. Osteoclast-like cells were generated by
Department of Physiology, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, and Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center, 15355 Lambda Drive, San Antonio, Texas TX 78245, USA
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R Nawata H Yanase T 2008 Adipose tissue-derived and bone marrow-derived mesenchymal cells develop into different lineage of steroidogenic cells by forced expression of steroidogenic factor 1 . Endocrinology 149 4717 – 4725 . doi:10
CIBB - Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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CIBB - Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
Flow Cytometry Unit, Department of Clinical Pathology, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Group of Environmental Genetics of Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine (FMUC), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), Coimbra, Portugal
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CIBB - Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra (IIIUC), Casa Costa Alemão, Coimbra, Portugal
APDP-Portuguese Diabetes Association, Lisbon, Portugal
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Introduction In the last decade, research on adipose tissue (AT) immunometabolism has increased significantly ( Wang & Wu 2018 ). Until recently, AT was considered an inert organ, functioning only as a storehouse of triglycerides (TGs
Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Oncological Endocrinology, Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Human Genetics, Geriatrics Research, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, 801 North Rutledge Street, Room 4389, Springfield, Illinois 62794-9628, USA
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Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Oncological Endocrinology, Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Human Genetics, Geriatrics Research, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, 801 North Rutledge Street, Room 4389, Springfield, Illinois 62794-9628, USA
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depletion of very small embryonic-like stem cells from bone marrow ( Kucia et al . 2013 ). Pioglitazone (PIO) is an anti-diabetic drug that belongs to the thiazolidinedione (TZD) class – selective agonists of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma
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Department of Immunology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
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Department of Immunology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
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) Obesity indirectly promotes myelopoiesis by stimulating IL-1β production from ATM in VAT. (C) Hyperglycemia induces an upregulation in S100A8/A9 that travels to BM to stimulate myelopoiesis. ATM, adipose tissue macrophages; BM, bone marrow; HSPC
Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden (PLID), Helmholtz Center Munich, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Neuherberg, Germany
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Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden (PLID), Helmholtz Center Munich, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Neuherberg, Germany
Diabetes and Nutritional Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
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Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden (PLID), Helmholtz Center Munich, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Neuherberg, Germany
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Introduction: pathogenesis of insulin resistance Insulin resistance is defined as the inadequate response of tissues, such as adipose tissue, skeletal muscle, central nervous system, and liver, to insulin. Insulin resistance and impaired
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by the release of the pancreatic hormones insulin and glucagon. These hormones target metabolically active tissues such as muscle, adipose tissue and liver in order to maintain blood glucose concentration within narrow limits (∼4.0–6.0 mmol
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, the GHR is highly expressed in the liver, adipose tissue, heart, kidneys, intestine, lung, pancreas, cartilage and skeletal muscle where it induces the synthesis of IGF1 ( Ballesteros et al . 2000 ). However, systemic IGF1 which is synthesised
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tolerance and insulin sensitivity upon consuming a high fat diet (HFD) ( Crane et al. 2015 , Oh et al. 2015 ). Further studies are required to determine the contribution of 5-HT in different tissues. Metabolic roles of 5-HT in adipose tissues