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well-established regulation of ion transport, which has been thought to be an important regulatory mechanism in release of hormones and neurotransmitters ( Douglas & Rubin 1961 , Stojilkovic et al . 2005 , Qiu et al . 2006 , Stojilkovic 2006 ), and

( Kobayashi & Cohen 1999 ). The purified BAC insert was used for pronuclear injection of (C57BL/6J × SJL/J) F2 embryos. Founder animals harboring the transgene were backcrossed with C57BL/6 mice for nine generations to produce the B6.Tg.sgk1 line. Mice

Schwartz MW 1993 Saturable transport of insulin from plasma into the central nervous system of dogs in vivo. A mechanism for regulated insulin delivery to the brain . Journal of Clinical Investigation 92 . ( https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI116773

seemingly idealistic, many aspects of this scenario are already possible. Human embryos have been cloned using nuclei from somatic cells ( Hwang et al. 2004 ), although there are unresolved ethical and legal issues with this process. Pluripotent human ES

locally generated 1,25(OH) 2 D within the maternal and fetal utero-placental tissues. One possibility is that 1,25(OH) 2 D generated by either the placenta or decidua acts to facilitate the transport of calcium and/or phosphate across the placenta to

of GLUT-4-containing vesicles to the sarcolemma for the transport of glucose into cardiomyocytes ( Sano et al . 2003 ). However, a rapid shift from glucose to fatty acid metabolism occurs in the postnatal period, where thereafter fatty acids

) population in the developing human embryo ( Pittenger et al . 1999 ). Because both myocytes and adipocytes share a common progenitor, the milieu of nutrients and growth factors in early embryonic and fetal life could affect MSC commitment to either a

hormone-producing cell types ( Lanctot et al . 1999 ). Pitx1 null embryos have normal pituitary morphogenesis; however, at birth the number of thyrotropes and gonadotropes are reduced. This absence of early defects may in part be explained by the

hippocampus, disturbed axonal transport and hippocampus degeneration and impaired myelin production in specific areas of the brain ( Nagai et al . 2003 , Li et al . 2004 , Shiozaki et al . 2008 , Chen et al . 2013 a ). A recent study suggested that

homozygous mutant zebrafish were maintained in circulating freshwater aquaria at 27.5 ± 1°C under a 14L/10D regimen. Fish were fed ad libitum with formulated feed in the morning and Artemia salina larvae in the evening. Embryos and larvae (until 7 days