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Virginia L Pszczolkowski Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
Endocrinologh and Reproductive Physiology Graduate Training Program, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA

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Meghan K Connelly Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
Vita Plus Corporation, Madison, Wisconsin, USA

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Adam D Beard Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
Endocrinologh and Reproductive Physiology Graduate Training Program, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA

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Amara D Benn Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA

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Jimena Laporta Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
Endocrinologh and Reproductive Physiology Graduate Training Program, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA

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Laura L Hernandez Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
Endocrinologh and Reproductive Physiology Graduate Training Program, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA

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Sebastian I Arriola Apelo Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
Endocrinologh and Reproductive Physiology Graduate Training Program, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA

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fatty acids (FFAs) while decreasing insulin concentrations ( Laporta et al. 2015 ). In lactating rats, dietary 5-HTP supplementation stimulated the expression of gluconeogenic genes in the liver and mammary glucose transporters ( Laporta et al. 2013

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/JOE-22-0280
Volume/Issue:
Volume 257: Issue 3
Restricted access
Filipe de Vadder Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1213, Lyon, France
Université Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
Université de Lyon, Lyon, France

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Gilles Mithieux Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1213, Lyon, France
Université Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
Université de Lyon, Lyon, France

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metabolized by the host intestinal enzymes, but are metabolized by the microbiota in the cecum and colon ( Macfarlane & Macfarlane 2003 ). The major products from the microbial fermentation are short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), namely acetate, propionate and

Article Type:
Review Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/JOE-17-0542
Volume/Issue:
Volume 236: Issue 2
Free access
Yu-Feng Zhao Prince Henry's Institute of Medical Research, Department of Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, PO Box 5152, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
Prince Henry's Institute of Medical Research, Department of Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, PO Box 5152, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia

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Jianming Pei Prince Henry's Institute of Medical Research, Department of Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, PO Box 5152, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia

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Chen Chen Prince Henry's Institute of Medical Research, Department of Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, PO Box 5152, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
Prince Henry's Institute of Medical Research, Department of Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, PO Box 5152, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia

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Introduction Type 2 diabetes is linked to obesity and high levels of free fatty acids (FFAs) ( Unger 1995 , Kahn & Flier 2000 , Wyne 2003 , Moller & Kaufman 2005 ). One of the pathways by which FFAs contribute to the occurrence of type 2 diabetes

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1677/JOE-08-0105
Volume/Issue:
Volume 198: Issue 3
Free access
David A Baltzegar Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Campus Box 7617, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-7617, USA

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Benjamin J Reading Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Campus Box 7617, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-7617, USA

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Jonathon D Douros Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Campus Box 7617, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-7617, USA

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Russell J Borski Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Campus Box 7617, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-7617, USA

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total metabolic energy demand ( Morgan et al . 1997 , Bœuf & Payan 2001 ). The primary site of ion exchange is the gill ( Evans et al . 2005 ), which has a low capacity for the oxidation of fatty acids or ketones ( Segner et al . 1997 , Crockett et

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/JOE-13-0292
Volume/Issue:
Volume 220: Issue 1
Free access
T Clark Brelje Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, University of Minnesota Medical School, 6-160 Jackson Hall, 321 Church Street, SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA

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Nicholas V Bhagroo Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, University of Minnesota Medical School, 6-160 Jackson Hall, 321 Church Street, SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA

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Laurence E Stout Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, University of Minnesota Medical School, 6-160 Jackson Hall, 321 Church Street, SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA

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Robert L Sorenson Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, University of Minnesota Medical School, 6-160 Jackson Hall, 321 Church Street, SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA

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-cell proliferation from their peaks in mid-pregnancy to control levels by parturition. However, serum lipids, triglyceride, and free fatty acids also increase several fold during pregnancy ( Scow et al . 1964 , Knopp et al . 1973 , Chen et al . 1992 ). This

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1677/JOE-07-0657
Volume/Issue:
Volume 197: Issue 2
Free access
Aldo Grefhorst Section of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands

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Johanna C van den Beukel Section of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands

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Wieneke Dijk Division of Human Nutrition, Nutrition, Metabolism, and Genomics Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands

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Jacobie Steenbergen Section of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands

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Gardi J Voortman Section of Pharmacology, Vascular and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands

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Selmar Leeuwenburgh Section of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands

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Theo J Visser Section of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands

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Sander Kersten Division of Human Nutrition, Nutrition, Metabolism, and Genomics Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands

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Edith C H Friesema Section of Pharmacology, Vascular and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands

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Axel P N Themmen Section of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands

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Jenny A Visser Section of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands

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Introduction Two different types of adipose tissues are found in mammals: white adipose tissue (WAT) and brown adipose tissue (BAT). BAT plays an important role in thermogenesis by oxidizing fatty acids in order to generate heat instead of ATP

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/JOE-18-0076
Volume/Issue:
Volume 238: Issue 2
Free access
Li Feng Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Qianfoshan Hospital of Shandong Province, Shandong University School of Medicine, 324, Jing 5 Road, Jinan 250021, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Qianfoshan Hospital of Shandong Province, Shandong University School of Medicine, 324, Jing 5 Road, Jinan 250021, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China

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Ling Gao Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Qianfoshan Hospital of Shandong Province, Shandong University School of Medicine, 324, Jing 5 Road, Jinan 250021, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China

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Qingbo Guan Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Qianfoshan Hospital of Shandong Province, Shandong University School of Medicine, 324, Jing 5 Road, Jinan 250021, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China

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Xiaolei Hou Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Qianfoshan Hospital of Shandong Province, Shandong University School of Medicine, 324, Jing 5 Road, Jinan 250021, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China

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Qiang Wan Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Qianfoshan Hospital of Shandong Province, Shandong University School of Medicine, 324, Jing 5 Road, Jinan 250021, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China

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Xiangdong Wang Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Qianfoshan Hospital of Shandong Province, Shandong University School of Medicine, 324, Jing 5 Road, Jinan 250021, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China

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Jiajun Zhao Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Qianfoshan Hospital of Shandong Province, Shandong University School of Medicine, 324, Jing 5 Road, Jinan 250021, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China

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Introduction The high-fat (HF) diet with a high ratio of saturated fatty acid is considered as a risk factor for insulin resistance, while moderate ethanol drinking was reported to have beneficial effect on insulin sensitivity ( Kiechl et al . 1996

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1677/JOE-08-0026
Volume/Issue:
Volume 199: Issue 1
Free access
Dan Wang Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Institute of Subtropical Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China

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Chu-Dan Liu Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Institute of Subtropical Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China

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Meng-Li Tian Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Institute of Subtropical Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China

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Cheng-Quan Tan Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Institute of Subtropical Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China

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Gang Shu Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Institute of Subtropical Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China

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Qing-Yan Jiang Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Institute of Subtropical Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China

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Lin Zhang Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Institute of Subtropical Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China

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Yu-Long Yin Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Institute of Subtropical Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China

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beneficial effects of dietary fibers are, at least partially, attributed to their fermentation end products by gut microbiota, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) ( Koh et al. 2016 , Makki et al. 2018 ). Among SCFAs, propionate has been identified as

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/JOE-19-0188
Volume/Issue:
Volume 243: Issue 3
Restricted access
Ashley Patton Department of Specialty Medicine, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, USA
Diabetes Institute, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, USA
Department of Biological Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, USA
Molecular & Cellular Biology Program, College of Arts and Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, USA

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Tyler Church Department of Specialty Medicine, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, USA
Diabetes Institute, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, USA

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Caroline Wilson Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Russ College of Engineering and Technology, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, USA

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Jean Thuma Department of Specialty Medicine, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, USA
Diabetes Institute, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, USA

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Douglas J Goetz Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Russ College of Engineering and Technology, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, USA
Molecular & Cellular Biology Program, College of Arts and Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, USA
Biomedical Engineering Program, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, USA

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Darlene E Berryman Diabetes Institute, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, USA
Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, USA
The Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, USA

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Edward O List Department of Specialty Medicine, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, USA
Diabetes Institute, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, USA
The Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, USA

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Frank Schwartz Department of Specialty Medicine, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, USA
Diabetes Institute, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, USA

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Kelly D McCall Department of Specialty Medicine, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, USA
Diabetes Institute, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, USA
Department of Biological Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, USA
Molecular & Cellular Biology Program, College of Arts and Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, USA
Biomedical Engineering Program, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, USA
Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, USA

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patients with NAFLD ( Younossi et al . 2011 ). High-fat (HF) diets promote weight gain leading to an increase in adipose tissue mass (i.e. obesity). Simultaneously, these HF diets cause an increase in levels of circulating free fatty acids (FFAs) and

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/JOE-18-0078
Volume/Issue:
Volume 237: Issue 3
Open access
Kristen R Lednovich Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA

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Sophie Gough Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA

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Medha Priyadarshini Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA

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Nupur Pandya Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA

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Chioma Nnyamah Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA

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Kai Xu Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA

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Barton Wicksteed Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA

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Sidharth Mishra USF Center for Microbiome Research, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida, USA

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Shalini Jain USF Center for Microbiome Research, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida, USA

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Joseph L Zapater Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA

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Jose Cordoba-Chacon Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA

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Hariom Yadav USF Center for Microbiome Research, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida, USA

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Brian T Layden Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA

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-induced obesity. Introduction Free fatty acid receptor 2 (FFA2) is a G protein-coupled receptor belonging to the short-chain fatty acid family of receptors. The endogenous ligands for FFA2, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), are a group of key metabolites

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/JOE-23-0184
Volume/Issue:
Volume 260: Issue 2
Open access