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Salvatore P Mangiafico Department of Medicine (AH/NH), Heidelberg Repatriation Hospital, University of Melbourne, 300 Waterdale Road, Heidelberg Heights, Melbourne, Victoria 3081, Australia

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Shueh H Lim Department of Medicine (AH/NH), Heidelberg Repatriation Hospital, University of Melbourne, 300 Waterdale Road, Heidelberg Heights, Melbourne, Victoria 3081, Australia

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Sandra Neoh Department of Medicine (AH/NH), Heidelberg Repatriation Hospital, University of Melbourne, 300 Waterdale Road, Heidelberg Heights, Melbourne, Victoria 3081, Australia

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Helene Massinet Department of Medicine (AH/NH), Heidelberg Repatriation Hospital, University of Melbourne, 300 Waterdale Road, Heidelberg Heights, Melbourne, Victoria 3081, Australia

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Christos N Joannides Department of Medicine (AH/NH), Heidelberg Repatriation Hospital, University of Melbourne, 300 Waterdale Road, Heidelberg Heights, Melbourne, Victoria 3081, Australia

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Joseph Proietto Department of Medicine (AH/NH), Heidelberg Repatriation Hospital, University of Melbourne, 300 Waterdale Road, Heidelberg Heights, Melbourne, Victoria 3081, Australia

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Sofianos Andrikopoulos Department of Medicine (AH/NH), Heidelberg Repatriation Hospital, University of Melbourne, 300 Waterdale Road, Heidelberg Heights, Melbourne, Victoria 3081, Australia

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Barbara C Fam Department of Medicine (AH/NH), Heidelberg Repatriation Hospital, University of Melbourne, 300 Waterdale Road, Heidelberg Heights, Melbourne, Victoria 3081, Australia

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characterised by glucose intolerance and insulin resistance in both liver and muscle/fat ( Valera et al . 1994 , Sun et al . 2002 ). Similarly, a transgenic mouse in which G6Pase was overexpressed using adenovirus technology also displayed glucose intolerance

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/JOE-11-0126
Volume/Issue:
Volume 210: Issue 3
Free access
Mathias Fasshauer
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Johannes Klein
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Susan Kralisch
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Margit Klier
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Ulrike Lossner
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Matthias Bluher
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Ralf Paschke
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Introduction Insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes are associated with obesity and cardiovascular disease. During the last couple of years a better understanding of the connection between increased adiposity on the one hand and

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1677/joe.1.05699
Volume/Issue:
Volume 183: Issue 3
Free access
Eloise A Bradley Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia

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Dino Premilovac Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
School of Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia

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Andrew C Betik Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia

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Donghua Hu Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia

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Emily Attrill School of Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia

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Stephen M Richards Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
School of Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia

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Stephen Rattigan Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia

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Michelle A Keske Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia

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models of insulin resistance ( St-Pierre et al. 2010 , Kubota et al. 2011 , Sjoberg et al. 2015 ), human obesity ( Clerk et al. 2006 , Keske et al. 2009 , Ketel et al. 2011 , Meijer et al. 2015 ) and type 2 diabetes ( Wallis et al

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/JOE-19-0067
Volume/Issue:
Volume 243: Issue 2
Restricted access
Thangiah Geetha Center for Metabolic and Vascular Biology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA

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Paul Langlais Center for Metabolic and Vascular Biology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA

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Michael Caruso Center for Metabolic and Vascular Biology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA

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Zhengping Yi Center for Metabolic and Vascular Biology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA
Center for Metabolic and Vascular Biology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA

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Introduction Insulin regulates a wide variety of biological processes, and defects in insulin signaling in skeletal muscle are considered to be one of the main causes for a large number of disease conditions, such as insulin resistance, metabolic

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/JOE-12-0145
Volume/Issue:
Volume 214: Issue 3
Free access
Jirapas Sripetchwandee Neurophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand

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Hiranya Pintana Neurophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand

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Piangkwan Sa-nguanmoo Neurophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand

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Chiraphat Boonnag Neurophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand

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Wasana Pratchayasakul Neurophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand

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Nipon Chattipakorn Neurophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand

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Siriporn C Chattipakorn Neurophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand

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Introduction Insulin resistance, a chronic pathological condition, can lead to several complications such as type 2 diabetes mellitus ( Taylor 2012 ), heart diseases ( Ginsberg 2002 ) and cognitive decline ( Watts et al. 2013 ). We have

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/JOE-18-0552
Volume/Issue:
Volume 241: Issue 1
Free access
Holly M Johnson The University of Sydney, Charles Perkins Centre, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia

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Erin Stanfield The University of Sydney, Charles Perkins Centre, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia

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Grace J Campbell The University of Sydney, Charles Perkins Centre, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia

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Erica E Eberl The University of Sydney, Charles Perkins Centre, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia

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Gregory J Cooney The University of Sydney, Charles Perkins Centre, School of Medical Sciences, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia

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Kim S Bell-Anderson The University of Sydney, Charles Perkins Centre, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia

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worldwide by 2035 ( International Diabetes Federation 2013 ). Insulin resistance is considered a primary pathology in the development of T2DM. How and why the body fails to respond to insulin is not fully understood but overnutrition and macronutrient

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/JOE-18-0566
Volume/Issue:
Volume 241: Issue 3
Free access
Kelly D McCall Department of Specialty Medicine, Appalachian Rural Health Institute, Edison Biotechnology Institute, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Biomedical Engineering Program, Interthyr Corporation, Diabetes Research Center
Department of Specialty Medicine, Appalachian Rural Health Institute, Edison Biotechnology Institute, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Biomedical Engineering Program, Interthyr Corporation, Diabetes Research Center
Department of Specialty Medicine, Appalachian Rural Health Institute, Edison Biotechnology Institute, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Biomedical Engineering Program, Interthyr Corporation, Diabetes Research Center

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Dawn Holliday Department of Specialty Medicine, Appalachian Rural Health Institute, Edison Biotechnology Institute, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Biomedical Engineering Program, Interthyr Corporation, Diabetes Research Center

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Eric Dickerson Department of Specialty Medicine, Appalachian Rural Health Institute, Edison Biotechnology Institute, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Biomedical Engineering Program, Interthyr Corporation, Diabetes Research Center
Department of Specialty Medicine, Appalachian Rural Health Institute, Edison Biotechnology Institute, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Biomedical Engineering Program, Interthyr Corporation, Diabetes Research Center
Department of Specialty Medicine, Appalachian Rural Health Institute, Edison Biotechnology Institute, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Biomedical Engineering Program, Interthyr Corporation, Diabetes Research Center

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Brian Wallace Department of Specialty Medicine, Appalachian Rural Health Institute, Edison Biotechnology Institute, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Biomedical Engineering Program, Interthyr Corporation, Diabetes Research Center

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Anthony L Schwartz Department of Specialty Medicine, Appalachian Rural Health Institute, Edison Biotechnology Institute, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Biomedical Engineering Program, Interthyr Corporation, Diabetes Research Center
Department of Specialty Medicine, Appalachian Rural Health Institute, Edison Biotechnology Institute, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Biomedical Engineering Program, Interthyr Corporation, Diabetes Research Center

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Christopher Schwartz Department of Specialty Medicine, Appalachian Rural Health Institute, Edison Biotechnology Institute, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Biomedical Engineering Program, Interthyr Corporation, Diabetes Research Center
Department of Specialty Medicine, Appalachian Rural Health Institute, Edison Biotechnology Institute, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Biomedical Engineering Program, Interthyr Corporation, Diabetes Research Center
Department of Specialty Medicine, Appalachian Rural Health Institute, Edison Biotechnology Institute, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Biomedical Engineering Program, Interthyr Corporation, Diabetes Research Center

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Christopher J Lewis Department of Specialty Medicine, Appalachian Rural Health Institute, Edison Biotechnology Institute, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Biomedical Engineering Program, Interthyr Corporation, Diabetes Research Center

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Leonard D Kohn Department of Specialty Medicine, Appalachian Rural Health Institute, Edison Biotechnology Institute, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Biomedical Engineering Program, Interthyr Corporation, Diabetes Research Center
Department of Specialty Medicine, Appalachian Rural Health Institute, Edison Biotechnology Institute, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Biomedical Engineering Program, Interthyr Corporation, Diabetes Research Center
Department of Specialty Medicine, Appalachian Rural Health Institute, Edison Biotechnology Institute, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Biomedical Engineering Program, Interthyr Corporation, Diabetes Research Center
Department of Specialty Medicine, Appalachian Rural Health Institute, Edison Biotechnology Institute, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Biomedical Engineering Program, Interthyr Corporation, Diabetes Research Center

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Frank L Schwartz Department of Specialty Medicine, Appalachian Rural Health Institute, Edison Biotechnology Institute, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Biomedical Engineering Program, Interthyr Corporation, Diabetes Research Center
Department of Specialty Medicine, Appalachian Rural Health Institute, Edison Biotechnology Institute, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Biomedical Engineering Program, Interthyr Corporation, Diabetes Research Center
Department of Specialty Medicine, Appalachian Rural Health Institute, Edison Biotechnology Institute, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Biomedical Engineering Program, Interthyr Corporation, Diabetes Research Center

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Introduction The activation of inflammatory pathways in adipose and other tissues is an important mediator of obesity-related insulin resistance ( Kahn & Flier 2000 , Lau et al . 2005 ). In obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), visceral

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1677/JOE-09-0370
Volume/Issue:
Volume 207: Issue 3
Free access
Xiaonan Yan State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Clinical Center of Reproductive Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing 210029, China

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Xiaonan Dai State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Clinical Center of Reproductive Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing 210029, China

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Jing Wang State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Clinical Center of Reproductive Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing 210029, China

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Nannan Zhao State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Clinical Center of Reproductive Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing 210029, China

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Yugui Cui State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Clinical Center of Reproductive Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing 210029, China

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Jiayin Liu State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Clinical Center of Reproductive Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing 210029, China

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Introduction Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a heterogeneous reproductive and metabolic disorder characterized by anovulation, hyperandrogenism, polycystic ovaries, LH hypersecretion, insulin resistance, and reduced fecundity. A heterogeneous

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/JOE-12-0577
Volume/Issue:
Volume 217: Issue 1
Free access
Nicole M Templeman Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Diabetes Research Group, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada

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Søs Skovsø Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Diabetes Research Group, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada

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Melissa M Page Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Diabetes Research Group, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada

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Gareth E Lim Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Diabetes Research Group, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada

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James D Johnson Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Diabetes Research Group, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
Institute for Personalized Therapeutic Nutrition, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada

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function of beta-cells dictate insulin secretion levels and patterns that control adipogenesis and lipid homeostasis. Hyperinsulinemia in the etiology of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes Type 2 diabetes is defined as chronically

Article Type:
Review Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/JOE-16-0449
Volume/Issue:
Volume 232: Issue 3
Free access
Haiyong Chen Li Ka Sing Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Centre for Biosystems and Genome Network Medicine, Department of Clinical Oncology, School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong

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Hui-Yao Lan Li Ka Sing Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Centre for Biosystems and Genome Network Medicine, Department of Clinical Oncology, School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong

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Dimitrios H Roukos Li Ka Sing Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Centre for Biosystems and Genome Network Medicine, Department of Clinical Oncology, School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong

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William C Cho Li Ka Sing Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Centre for Biosystems and Genome Network Medicine, Department of Clinical Oncology, School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong

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2013 ). DM is a complex disease characterized by high blood glucose levels. There are two major forms of diabetes. Type 1 diabetes (T1D) results from a lack of insulin production in pancreatic β-cells. T2D is due to resistance to insulin, resulting in

Article Type:
Review Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/JOE-13-0544
Volume/Issue:
Volume 222: Issue 1
Free access