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Adrian Holliday School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK
Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, Headingley Campus, Leeds, UK

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Andrew Blannin School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK

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. However, the monitoring of food intake, physical activity and metabolic rate over the course of the whole day and beyond would be required to determine likely effects of the exercise bout, and subsequent appetite response, on energy balance. The post

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Gabriel O de Souza Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofisica, Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil

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Fernanda M Chaves Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofisica, Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil

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Josiane N Silva Departamento de Anatomia, Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil

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João A B Pedroso Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofisica, Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil

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Martin Metzger Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofisica, Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil

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Renata Frazão Departamento de Anatomia, Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil

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Jose Donato Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofisica, Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil

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-caloric diet intake) energy balance. Materials and methods Mice Changes in hypothalamic expression of connexins were determined in 5-month-old C57BL/6 male mice ( n  = 8/group). The effects of gap junctions on the activity of ARH AgRP neurons

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Jimena Laporta Departments of Dairy Science, Animal Sciences, Veterinary Physiology, University of Wisconsin‐Madison, 1675 Observatory Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA

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Spencer A E Moore Departments of Dairy Science, Animal Sciences, Veterinary Physiology, University of Wisconsin‐Madison, 1675 Observatory Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA

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Samantha R Weaver Departments of Dairy Science, Animal Sciences, Veterinary Physiology, University of Wisconsin‐Madison, 1675 Observatory Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA

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Callyssa M Cronick Departments of Dairy Science, Animal Sciences, Veterinary Physiology, University of Wisconsin‐Madison, 1675 Observatory Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA

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Megan Olsen Departments of Dairy Science, Animal Sciences, Veterinary Physiology, University of Wisconsin‐Madison, 1675 Observatory Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA

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Austin P Prichard Departments of Dairy Science, Animal Sciences, Veterinary Physiology, University of Wisconsin‐Madison, 1675 Observatory Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA

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Brian P Schnell Departments of Dairy Science, Animal Sciences, Veterinary Physiology, University of Wisconsin‐Madison, 1675 Observatory Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA

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Thomas D Crenshaw Departments of Dairy Science, Animal Sciences, Veterinary Physiology, University of Wisconsin‐Madison, 1675 Observatory Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA

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Francisco Peñagaricano Departments of Dairy Science, Animal Sciences, Veterinary Physiology, University of Wisconsin‐Madison, 1675 Observatory Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA

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Rupert M Bruckmaier Departments of Dairy Science, Animal Sciences, Veterinary Physiology, University of Wisconsin‐Madison, 1675 Observatory Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA

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Laura L Hernandez Departments of Dairy Science, Animal Sciences, Veterinary Physiology, University of Wisconsin‐Madison, 1675 Observatory Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA

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in the regulation of energy balance ( Tecott 2007 ), mainly through the modulation of glucose and lipid metabolism. The liver expresses TPH1 and several serotonin receptor subtypes ( Papadimas et al . 2012 ). Serotonin is thought to mediate hepatic

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Clare M Reynolds Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand

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Mark H Vickers Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand

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a negative feedback loop to maintain homeostatic control of adipose tissue mass. This then stimulates a negative energy balance controlling appetite and increasing energy expenditure ( Friedman 2016 ). Leptin also exerts its actions across a wide

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M J Vazquez Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Cordoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain
Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia, Cordoba, Spain
CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Cordoba, Spain

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I Velasco Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Cordoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain
Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain

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M Tena-Sempere Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Cordoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain
Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia, Cordoba, Spain
CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Cordoba, Spain
FiDiPro Program, Department of Physiology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland

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), and hence, is essential for maintenance of energy balance at the whole body level ( Martins et al. 2012 ). In this context, studies carried out in our group demonstrated that hypothalamic mTOR plays an important role in the metabolic control of

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Silvana Y Romero-Zerbo Fundación IMABIS, Instituto de Bioingeniería and CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas asociadas (CIBERDEM), Department of Physiology, CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Institute of Medical Sciences, Neurocentre Magendie, Hospital Carlos Haya de Málaga, Laboratorio de Medicina Regenerativa, Pabellón de Gobierno, sótano, Avenida Carlos Haya 82, 29010 Málaga, Spain
Fundación IMABIS, Instituto de Bioingeniería and CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas asociadas (CIBERDEM), Department of Physiology, CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Institute of Medical Sciences, Neurocentre Magendie, Hospital Carlos Haya de Málaga, Laboratorio de Medicina Regenerativa, Pabellón de Gobierno, sótano, Avenida Carlos Haya 82, 29010 Málaga, Spain

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Alex Rafacho Fundación IMABIS, Instituto de Bioingeniería and CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas asociadas (CIBERDEM), Department of Physiology, CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Institute of Medical Sciences, Neurocentre Magendie, Hospital Carlos Haya de Málaga, Laboratorio de Medicina Regenerativa, Pabellón de Gobierno, sótano, Avenida Carlos Haya 82, 29010 Málaga, Spain

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Adenis Díaz-Arteaga Fundación IMABIS, Instituto de Bioingeniería and CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas asociadas (CIBERDEM), Department of Physiology, CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Institute of Medical Sciences, Neurocentre Magendie, Hospital Carlos Haya de Málaga, Laboratorio de Medicina Regenerativa, Pabellón de Gobierno, sótano, Avenida Carlos Haya 82, 29010 Málaga, Spain
Fundación IMABIS, Instituto de Bioingeniería and CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas asociadas (CIBERDEM), Department of Physiology, CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Institute of Medical Sciences, Neurocentre Magendie, Hospital Carlos Haya de Málaga, Laboratorio de Medicina Regenerativa, Pabellón de Gobierno, sótano, Avenida Carlos Haya 82, 29010 Málaga, Spain

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Juan Suárez Fundación IMABIS, Instituto de Bioingeniería and CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas asociadas (CIBERDEM), Department of Physiology, CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Institute of Medical Sciences, Neurocentre Magendie, Hospital Carlos Haya de Málaga, Laboratorio de Medicina Regenerativa, Pabellón de Gobierno, sótano, Avenida Carlos Haya 82, 29010 Málaga, Spain
Fundación IMABIS, Instituto de Bioingeniería and CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas asociadas (CIBERDEM), Department of Physiology, CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Institute of Medical Sciences, Neurocentre Magendie, Hospital Carlos Haya de Málaga, Laboratorio de Medicina Regenerativa, Pabellón de Gobierno, sótano, Avenida Carlos Haya 82, 29010 Málaga, Spain

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Ivan Quesada Fundación IMABIS, Instituto de Bioingeniería and CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas asociadas (CIBERDEM), Department of Physiology, CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Institute of Medical Sciences, Neurocentre Magendie, Hospital Carlos Haya de Málaga, Laboratorio de Medicina Regenerativa, Pabellón de Gobierno, sótano, Avenida Carlos Haya 82, 29010 Málaga, Spain

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Mónica Imbernon Fundación IMABIS, Instituto de Bioingeniería and CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas asociadas (CIBERDEM), Department of Physiology, CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Institute of Medical Sciences, Neurocentre Magendie, Hospital Carlos Haya de Málaga, Laboratorio de Medicina Regenerativa, Pabellón de Gobierno, sótano, Avenida Carlos Haya 82, 29010 Málaga, Spain
Fundación IMABIS, Instituto de Bioingeniería and CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas asociadas (CIBERDEM), Department of Physiology, CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Institute of Medical Sciences, Neurocentre Magendie, Hospital Carlos Haya de Málaga, Laboratorio de Medicina Regenerativa, Pabellón de Gobierno, sótano, Avenida Carlos Haya 82, 29010 Málaga, Spain

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Ruth A Ross Fundación IMABIS, Instituto de Bioingeniería and CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas asociadas (CIBERDEM), Department of Physiology, CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Institute of Medical Sciences, Neurocentre Magendie, Hospital Carlos Haya de Málaga, Laboratorio de Medicina Regenerativa, Pabellón de Gobierno, sótano, Avenida Carlos Haya 82, 29010 Málaga, Spain

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Carlos Dieguez Fundación IMABIS, Instituto de Bioingeniería and CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas asociadas (CIBERDEM), Department of Physiology, CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Institute of Medical Sciences, Neurocentre Magendie, Hospital Carlos Haya de Málaga, Laboratorio de Medicina Regenerativa, Pabellón de Gobierno, sótano, Avenida Carlos Haya 82, 29010 Málaga, Spain
Fundación IMABIS, Instituto de Bioingeniería and CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas asociadas (CIBERDEM), Department of Physiology, CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Institute of Medical Sciences, Neurocentre Magendie, Hospital Carlos Haya de Málaga, Laboratorio de Medicina Regenerativa, Pabellón de Gobierno, sótano, Avenida Carlos Haya 82, 29010 Málaga, Spain

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Fernando Rodríguez de Fonseca Fundación IMABIS, Instituto de Bioingeniería and CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas asociadas (CIBERDEM), Department of Physiology, CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Institute of Medical Sciences, Neurocentre Magendie, Hospital Carlos Haya de Málaga, Laboratorio de Medicina Regenerativa, Pabellón de Gobierno, sótano, Avenida Carlos Haya 82, 29010 Málaga, Spain
Fundación IMABIS, Instituto de Bioingeniería and CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas asociadas (CIBERDEM), Department of Physiology, CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Institute of Medical Sciences, Neurocentre Magendie, Hospital Carlos Haya de Málaga, Laboratorio de Medicina Regenerativa, Pabellón de Gobierno, sótano, Avenida Carlos Haya 82, 29010 Málaga, Spain

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Rubén Nogueiras Fundación IMABIS, Instituto de Bioingeniería and CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas asociadas (CIBERDEM), Department of Physiology, CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Institute of Medical Sciences, Neurocentre Magendie, Hospital Carlos Haya de Málaga, Laboratorio de Medicina Regenerativa, Pabellón de Gobierno, sótano, Avenida Carlos Haya 82, 29010 Málaga, Spain
Fundación IMABIS, Instituto de Bioingeniería and CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas asociadas (CIBERDEM), Department of Physiology, CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Institute of Medical Sciences, Neurocentre Magendie, Hospital Carlos Haya de Málaga, Laboratorio de Medicina Regenerativa, Pabellón de Gobierno, sótano, Avenida Carlos Haya 82, 29010 Málaga, Spain

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Ángel Nadal Fundación IMABIS, Instituto de Bioingeniería and CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas asociadas (CIBERDEM), Department of Physiology, CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Institute of Medical Sciences, Neurocentre Magendie, Hospital Carlos Haya de Málaga, Laboratorio de Medicina Regenerativa, Pabellón de Gobierno, sótano, Avenida Carlos Haya 82, 29010 Málaga, Spain

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Francisco J Bermúdez-Silva Fundación IMABIS, Instituto de Bioingeniería and CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas asociadas (CIBERDEM), Department of Physiology, CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Institute of Medical Sciences, Neurocentre Magendie, Hospital Carlos Haya de Málaga, Laboratorio de Medicina Regenerativa, Pabellón de Gobierno, sótano, Avenida Carlos Haya 82, 29010 Málaga, Spain
Fundación IMABIS, Instituto de Bioingeniería and CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas asociadas (CIBERDEM), Department of Physiology, CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Institute of Medical Sciences, Neurocentre Magendie, Hospital Carlos Haya de Málaga, Laboratorio de Medicina Regenerativa, Pabellón de Gobierno, sótano, Avenida Carlos Haya 82, 29010 Málaga, Spain
Fundación IMABIS, Instituto de Bioingeniería and CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas asociadas (CIBERDEM), Department of Physiology, CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Institute of Medical Sciences, Neurocentre Magendie, Hospital Carlos Haya de Málaga, Laboratorio de Medicina Regenerativa, Pabellón de Gobierno, sótano, Avenida Carlos Haya 82, 29010 Málaga, Spain

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macrophages. However, at present there is no data regarding the putative role of GPR55 in metabolism or glucose homeostasis. By contrast, the cannabinoid CB1 receptor is a well-known player in controlling energy balance ( Pagotto et al . 2006 ). In fact, the

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Brenton T Laing Department of Kinesiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA
East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA

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Khoa Do Department of Kinesiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA
East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA

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Tomoko Matsubara Department of Kinesiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA
East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA

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David W Wert East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA

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Michael J Avery Department of Kinesiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA

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Erin M Langdon Department of Kinesiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA

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Donghai Zheng Department of Kinesiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA
East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA
Human Performance Laboratory, Collage of Human Performance and Health, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA

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Hu Huang Department of Kinesiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA
East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA
Human Performance Laboratory, Collage of Human Performance and Health, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA
Department of Physiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA

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detailing how exercise training mechanistically induces weight loss via neurological control of energy balance and body weight in obese subjects. Given the facts, certain areas within the hypothalamus, such as ARC, VMH, DMH, and PVH, play important roles in

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Sabina Börner
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Michael Derno
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Sandra Hacke
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Ulrike Kautzsch
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Christine Schäff
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Sint ThanThan Research Unit Nutritional Physiology ‘Oskar Kellner’, Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine Inada-cho, Unit Genetics and Biometry, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany

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Hideto Kuwayama Research Unit Nutritional Physiology ‘Oskar Kellner’, Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine Inada-cho, Unit Genetics and Biometry, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany

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Harald M Hammon
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Monika Röntgen
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Rosemarie Weikard Research Unit Nutritional Physiology ‘Oskar Kellner’, Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine Inada-cho, Unit Genetics and Biometry, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany

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Christa Kühn Research Unit Nutritional Physiology ‘Oskar Kellner’, Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine Inada-cho, Unit Genetics and Biometry, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany

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Armin Tuchscherer Research Unit Nutritional Physiology ‘Oskar Kellner’, Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine Inada-cho, Unit Genetics and Biometry, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany

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Björn Kuhla
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nutritional state in situations of positive energy balance (EB). Wertz-Lutz et al . (2006) found a weak increase in feed intake upon acyl ghrelin injection; however, neither s.c. ( Roche et al . 2008 ) nor centrally infused acyl ghrelin ( Iqbal et al

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Sayaka Akieda-Asai Frontier Science Research Center, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan

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Paul-Emile Poleni Frontier Science Research Center, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan

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Kazuya Hasegawa Frontier Science Research Center, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan

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Yukari Date Frontier Science Research Center, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan

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Introduction Leptin, an anorectic hormone produced by white adipose tissue, plays an important role in the maintenance of energy balance ( Schwartz et al . 2000 ). The absence of leptin results in severe obesity in both rodents and humans

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Jennifer H Steel Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK

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Roger White Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK

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Malcolm G Parker Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK

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adipocyte itself may act as an endocrine cell such that altered adipocyte function causes changes in systemic energy balance ( Spiegelman & Flier 2001 ); therefore regulation of lipid storage and metabolism by adipocytes in different fat depots is

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