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Laurie Rouger Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie Humaine et Moléculaire, WELBIO, Université Paris Diderot, Euroscreen SA, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Campus Erasme, Route de Lennik 808, B-1070 Brussels, Belgium

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G Raphaël Denis Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie Humaine et Moléculaire, WELBIO, Université Paris Diderot, Euroscreen SA, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Campus Erasme, Route de Lennik 808, B-1070 Brussels, Belgium

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Souphalone Luangsay Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie Humaine et Moléculaire, WELBIO, Université Paris Diderot, Euroscreen SA, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Campus Erasme, Route de Lennik 808, B-1070 Brussels, Belgium
Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie Humaine et Moléculaire, WELBIO, Université Paris Diderot, Euroscreen SA, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Campus Erasme, Route de Lennik 808, B-1070 Brussels, Belgium

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Marc Parmentier Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie Humaine et Moléculaire, WELBIO, Université Paris Diderot, Euroscreen SA, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Campus Erasme, Route de Lennik 808, B-1070 Brussels, Belgium
Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie Humaine et Moléculaire, WELBIO, Université Paris Diderot, Euroscreen SA, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Campus Erasme, Route de Lennik 808, B-1070 Brussels, Belgium

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type 2 diabetes . Clinical Endocrinology 72 342 . ( doi:10.1111/j.1365-2265.2009.03664.x ) Weir JB 1949 New methods for calculating metabolic rate with special reference to protein metabolism . Journal of Physiology 109 1 – 9 . Winzell

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Marco Aurélio Liberato Costa da Veiga Laboratório de Endocrinologia Molecular, Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21949-900, Brazil

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Flávia Fonseca Bloise Laboratório de Endocrinologia Molecular, Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21949-900, Brazil

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Ricardo Henrique Costa-e-Sousa Laboratório de Endocrinologia Molecular, Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21949-900, Brazil

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Luana Lopes Souza Laboratório de Endocrinologia Molecular, Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21949-900, Brazil

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Norma Aparecida dos Santos Almeida Laboratório de Endocrinologia Molecular, Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21949-900, Brazil

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Karen Jesus Oliveira Laboratório de Endocrinologia Molecular, Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21949-900, Brazil
Laboratório de Endocrinologia Molecular, Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21949-900, Brazil

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Carmen Cabanelas Pazos-Moura Laboratório de Endocrinologia Molecular, Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21949-900, Brazil

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basal metabolic rate and energy expenditure, endocannabinoids are important stimulators of food ingestion and energy conservation. During starvation, thyrotropic axis activity is reduced ( Weintraub et al . 2001 ), while endocannabinoid levels increase

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A Mostyn
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J C Litten
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K S Perkins
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M C Alves-Guerra
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C Pecqueur
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B Miroux
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M E Symonds
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L Clarke
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mobilization of limited body fat reserves. A lower metabolic rate would reduce the amount of fat required for oxidation to produce heat for the newborn piglet, and thus improve their survival chances. Thyroid hormones play an important role in the

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Qiaoli Cui Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China

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Yijing Liao Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China

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Yaojing Jiang Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China

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Xiaohang Huang Shanghai Yinuo Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China

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Weihong Tao Shanghai Yinuo Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China

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Quanquan Zhou Shanghai Yinuo Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China

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Anna Shao Shanghai Yinuo Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China

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Ying Zhao Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China

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Jia Li Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China

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Anran Ma Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China

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Zhihong Wang Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China

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Li Zhang Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China

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Zunyuan Yang Primed Non-Human Primate Research Centre (Sichuan Primed Shines Bio-tech Co., Ltd.), Chengdu, Sichuan, China

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Yinan Liang Primed Non-Human Primate Research Centre (Sichuan Primed Shines Bio-tech Co., Ltd.), Chengdu, Sichuan, China

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Minglin Wu Primed Non-Human Primate Research Centre (Sichuan Primed Shines Bio-tech Co., Ltd.), Chengdu, Sichuan, China

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Zhenyan Yang Primed Non-Human Primate Research Centre (Sichuan Primed Shines Bio-tech Co., Ltd.), Chengdu, Sichuan, China

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Wen Zeng Primed Non-Human Primate Research Centre (Sichuan Primed Shines Bio-tech Co., Ltd.), Chengdu, Sichuan, China

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Qinghua Wang Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
Shanghai Yinuo Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

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.09.010 ) Orskov C Wettergren A Holst JJ 1993 Biological effects and metabolic rates of glucagonlike peptide-1 7–36 amide and glucagonlike peptide-1 7–37 in healthy subjects are indistinguishable . Diabetes 42 658 – 661 . ( https://doi.org/10.2337/diab

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D C Ferguson Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA

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Z Caffall Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA

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M Hoenig Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA

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the hallmark β-cell protein of human type 2 diabetes mellitus, amyloid ( Hoenig et al. 2000 ). Thyroid hormones (THs) are involved in the regulation of metabolism, and regulate resting metabolic rate, thermogenesis, and lipolysis ( Oppenheimer

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Hiroyuki Shimizu Department of Medicine and Molecular Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi 371-8511, Japan
Department of Regulation Biology, Saitama University, Saitama 378-8570, Japan

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Kinji Inoue Department of Medicine and Molecular Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi 371-8511, Japan
Department of Regulation Biology, Saitama University, Saitama 378-8570, Japan

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Masatomo Mori Department of Medicine and Molecular Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi 371-8511, Japan
Department of Regulation Biology, Saitama University, Saitama 378-8570, Japan

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. Hoggard N , Ravner DV, Johnston SL & Speakman JR 2004 Peripherally administered[Nle4, d -Phe7]-α-melanocytestimulating hormoneincreasesresting metabolic rate, while peripheral agouti-related protein has no effect, in wild type C57BL/6 and ob / ob

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J E Digby Warwick Medical School, Clinical Sciences Research Institute, University of Warwick, Gibbett Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
Department of Biological Sciences, Biomedical Research Institute, University of Warwick, Gibbett Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
Warwickshire Nuffield Hospital, Leamington Spa, Warwickshire, CV32 6RW, UK

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J Chen Warwick Medical School, Clinical Sciences Research Institute, University of Warwick, Gibbett Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
Department of Biological Sciences, Biomedical Research Institute, University of Warwick, Gibbett Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
Warwickshire Nuffield Hospital, Leamington Spa, Warwickshire, CV32 6RW, UK

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J Y Tang Warwick Medical School, Clinical Sciences Research Institute, University of Warwick, Gibbett Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
Department of Biological Sciences, Biomedical Research Institute, University of Warwick, Gibbett Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
Warwickshire Nuffield Hospital, Leamington Spa, Warwickshire, CV32 6RW, UK

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H Lehnert Warwick Medical School, Clinical Sciences Research Institute, University of Warwick, Gibbett Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
Department of Biological Sciences, Biomedical Research Institute, University of Warwick, Gibbett Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
Warwickshire Nuffield Hospital, Leamington Spa, Warwickshire, CV32 6RW, UK

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R N Matthews Warwick Medical School, Clinical Sciences Research Institute, University of Warwick, Gibbett Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
Department of Biological Sciences, Biomedical Research Institute, University of Warwick, Gibbett Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
Warwickshire Nuffield Hospital, Leamington Spa, Warwickshire, CV32 6RW, UK

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H S Randeva Warwick Medical School, Clinical Sciences Research Institute, University of Warwick, Gibbett Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
Department of Biological Sciences, Biomedical Research Institute, University of Warwick, Gibbett Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
Warwickshire Nuffield Hospital, Leamington Spa, Warwickshire, CV32 6RW, UK

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further role of orexins in energy expenditure. Indeed, orexins have been shown to be involved in modulating metabolic rate via stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system ( Antunes et al. 2001 ), and regulation of energy expenditure and thermogenesis

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M Granado Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Complutense University, 28040 Madrid, Spain

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A I Martín Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Complutense University, 28040 Madrid, Spain

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T Priego Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Complutense University, 28040 Madrid, Spain

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A López-Calderón Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Complutense University, 28040 Madrid, Spain

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M A Villanúa Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Complutense University, 28040 Madrid, Spain

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gastrocnemius muscle of tumor-bearing mice. Research in Nursing & Health 28 56 –66. Hoshino E , Pichard C, Greenwood CE, Kuo GC, Cameron RG, Kurian R, Kearns JP, Allard JP & Jeejeebhoy KN 1991 Body composition and metabolic

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Y Okuma Monash Institute of Medical Research, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
Prince Henry’s Institute of Medical Research, Monash Medical Centre, Melbourne, Australia

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A E O’Connor Monash Institute of Medical Research, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
Prince Henry’s Institute of Medical Research, Monash Medical Centre, Melbourne, Australia

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J A Muir Monash Institute of Medical Research, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
Prince Henry’s Institute of Medical Research, Monash Medical Centre, Melbourne, Australia

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P G Stanton Monash Institute of Medical Research, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
Prince Henry’s Institute of Medical Research, Monash Medical Centre, Melbourne, Australia

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D M de Kretser Monash Institute of Medical Research, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
Prince Henry’s Institute of Medical Research, Monash Medical Centre, Melbourne, Australia

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M P Hedger Monash Institute of Medical Research, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
Prince Henry’s Institute of Medical Research, Monash Medical Centre, Melbourne, Australia

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RA, Rothwell NJ & Strijbos PJ 1989 Comparison of the effects of several endotoxin preparations on body temperature and metabolic rate in the rat. Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 67 1011 –1014. Jonsson

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Natalia Gustavsson Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Section for Histology and Cell Biology, Umeå University, Umeå S-901 87, Sweden

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Gerd Larsson-Nyrén Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Section for Histology and Cell Biology, Umeå University, Umeå S-901 87, Sweden

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Per Lindström Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Section for Histology and Cell Biology, Umeå University, Umeå S-901 87, Sweden

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-nutrient stimulators (this report). It may be that chronic hyperglycemia slows down the metabolic rate but increases the sensitivity of K + ATP or Ca 2+ channels ( Kato et al. 1996 ). The lag time for Ca 2+ rise was longer in response to 20 μM tolbutamide

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