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Ruslan Rafikov
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Fabio V Fonseca Pulmonary Vascular Disease Program, Department of Cell Biology, Vascular Biology Center: CB-3211B, Georgia Health Sciences University, 1459 Laney Walker Boulevard, Augusta, Georgia 30912, USA

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Sanjiv Kumar
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Daniel Pardo
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Charles Darragh
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Shawn Elms
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David Fulton
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Stephen M Black
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.1073/pnas.90.23.10909 . Andries LJ Brutsaert DL Sys SU 1998 Nonuniformity of endothelial constitutive nitric oxide synthase distribution in cardiac endothelium . Circulation Research 82 195 – 203 doi:10.1161/01.RES.82.2.195 . Aschner JL

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Eduardo Esteban-Zubero Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain

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Francisco Agustín García-Gil Department of Surgery, Gynaecology and Obstetrics, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain

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Laura López-Pingarrón Department of Medicine, Psychiatry and Dermatology, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain

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Moisés Alejandro Alatorre-Jiménez Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA

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Pablo Iñigo-Gil Department of Medicine, Psychiatry and Dermatology, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain

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Dun-Xian Tan Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA

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José Joaquín García Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain

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Russel J Reiter Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA

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, Kilic et al. 2005 , Wang et al. 2005 ). This is important because eNOS-derived NO· is suggested to be an important protective factor against vascular endothelium pathophysiology because it is produced early and may abrogate the microcirculatory

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Pasquale Florio Chair of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Department of Paediatrics, Obstetrics and Reproductive Medicine and
Department of Human Pathology and Oncology, University of Siena, Policlinico ‘Le Scotte’ Viale Bracci, 53100 Siena, Italy

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Giulia De Falco Chair of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Department of Paediatrics, Obstetrics and Reproductive Medicine and
Department of Human Pathology and Oncology, University of Siena, Policlinico ‘Le Scotte’ Viale Bracci, 53100 Siena, Italy

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Eleonora Leucci Chair of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Department of Paediatrics, Obstetrics and Reproductive Medicine and
Department of Human Pathology and Oncology, University of Siena, Policlinico ‘Le Scotte’ Viale Bracci, 53100 Siena, Italy

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Michela Torricelli Chair of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Department of Paediatrics, Obstetrics and Reproductive Medicine and
Department of Human Pathology and Oncology, University of Siena, Policlinico ‘Le Scotte’ Viale Bracci, 53100 Siena, Italy

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Paulo B Torres Chair of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Department of Paediatrics, Obstetrics and Reproductive Medicine and
Department of Human Pathology and Oncology, University of Siena, Policlinico ‘Le Scotte’ Viale Bracci, 53100 Siena, Italy

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Paolo Toti Chair of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Department of Paediatrics, Obstetrics and Reproductive Medicine and
Department of Human Pathology and Oncology, University of Siena, Policlinico ‘Le Scotte’ Viale Bracci, 53100 Siena, Italy

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Arianna Dell’Anna Chair of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Department of Paediatrics, Obstetrics and Reproductive Medicine and
Department of Human Pathology and Oncology, University of Siena, Policlinico ‘Le Scotte’ Viale Bracci, 53100 Siena, Italy

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Ennio Tiso Chair of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Department of Paediatrics, Obstetrics and Reproductive Medicine and
Department of Human Pathology and Oncology, University of Siena, Policlinico ‘Le Scotte’ Viale Bracci, 53100 Siena, Italy

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Rosa Santopietro Chair of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Department of Paediatrics, Obstetrics and Reproductive Medicine and
Department of Human Pathology and Oncology, University of Siena, Policlinico ‘Le Scotte’ Viale Bracci, 53100 Siena, Italy

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Lorenzo Leoncini Chair of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Department of Paediatrics, Obstetrics and Reproductive Medicine and
Department of Human Pathology and Oncology, University of Siena, Policlinico ‘Le Scotte’ Viale Bracci, 53100 Siena, Italy

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Felice Petraglia Chair of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Department of Paediatrics, Obstetrics and Reproductive Medicine and
Department of Human Pathology and Oncology, University of Siena, Policlinico ‘Le Scotte’ Viale Bracci, 53100 Siena, Italy

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human endometrial cancer. Oncology Reports 15 375 –379. Huang Y , Chan FL, Lau CW, Tsang SY, He GW, Chen ZY & Yao X 2002 Urocortin-induced endothelium-dependent relaxation of rat coronary artery: role of nitric oxide

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Waljit S Dhillo Department of Metabolic Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, 6th Floor Commonwealth Building, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK

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Kevin G Murphy Department of Metabolic Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, 6th Floor Commonwealth Building, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK

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Steve Bloom Department of Metabolic Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, 6th Floor Commonwealth Building, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK

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metabolically inert, such as adipose tissue, the vascular endothelium or the skin, are now considered active endocrine organs. For example, adipose tissue secretes a number of signalling proteins called adipokines. Over 50 adipokines have been described to date

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Prabhakara R Nagareddy Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama, Birmingham, UK

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Sunil K Noothi Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama, Birmingham, UK

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Michelle C Flynn Division of Immunometabolism, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
Department of Immunology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia

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Andrew J Murphy Division of Immunometabolism, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
Department of Immunology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia

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endothelium ( von Hundelshausen et al . 2001 ). It should be noted that antiplatelet therapy can reduce CVD risk in non-diabetic subjects ( Antiplatelet Trialists’ Collaboration 1994 ); however, such therapies are less effective in the context of diabetes

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Jennifer A Crookshank Chronic Disease Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada

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Daniel Serrano Chronic Disease Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada

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Gen-Sheng Wang Chronic Disease Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada

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Christopher Patrick Chronic Disease Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada

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Baylie S Morgan Chronic Disease Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada

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Marie-France Paré Chronic Disease Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada

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Fraser W Scott Chronic Disease Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
Department of Medicine, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada

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, red line) (49.3 vs 54.6% incidence). (B) Increased endothelium-associated-CD68 + cells were observed in prediabetic rats (red circles) compared to nondiabetic rats (open circles) ( n  = 6/group). Gene expression in prediabetic and nondiabetic pancreas

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Tian Shuang Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research Unit, Laurentian University, Ontario, Canada
School of Human Kinetics, Faculty of Health, Laurentian University, Ontario, Canada
Department of Biology, Laurentian University, Ontario, Canada

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Ming Fu Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research Unit, Laurentian University, Ontario, Canada
School of Human Kinetics, Faculty of Health, Laurentian University, Ontario, Canada
Health Sciences North Research Institute, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada

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Guangdong Yang Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research Unit, Laurentian University, Ontario, Canada
Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Laurentian University, Ontario, Canada

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Ying Huang Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research Unit, Laurentian University, Ontario, Canada
School of Human Kinetics, Faculty of Health, Laurentian University, Ontario, Canada

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Zhongming Qian Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China

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Lingyun Wu Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research Unit, Laurentian University, Ontario, Canada
School of Human Kinetics, Faculty of Health, Laurentian University, Ontario, Canada
Health Sciences North Research Institute, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada

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Rui Wang Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research Unit, Laurentian University, Ontario, Canada
Department of Biology, Laurentian University, Ontario, Canada
Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

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merged images of IGF-1R and ER-α as well as the nuclear marker DAPI appeared to localize in all layers of aortic tissues from WT and KO mice, including smooth muscles, endothelium and adventitia. Proximity ligation of IGF-1R and ER-α, mostly in cell

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Toshihiro Sakurai Department of Endocrine Pharmacology, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Horinouchi 1432-1, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan

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Kenta Suzuki Department of Endocrine Pharmacology, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Horinouchi 1432-1, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan

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Mikihiro Yoshie Department of Endocrine Pharmacology, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Horinouchi 1432-1, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan

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Keisuke Hashimoto Department of Endocrine Pharmacology, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Horinouchi 1432-1, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan

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Eiichi Tachikawa Department of Endocrine Pharmacology, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Horinouchi 1432-1, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan

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Kazuhiro Tamura Department of Endocrine Pharmacology, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Horinouchi 1432-1, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan

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-Vitiani et al . 2010 ). The EC preparation in this study might include a subset of granulosa stem-like cells that show characteristics of endothelial progenitors capable of maturation into ECs under endothelium condition. This study is, to the best of our

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Mauricio S Krause Biomedical Research Group, UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Sciences, School of Biomedical Sciences, School of Physical Education, Department of Science, Institute of Technology Tallaght, Dublin, Ireland
Biomedical Research Group, UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Sciences, School of Biomedical Sciences, School of Physical Education, Department of Science, Institute of Technology Tallaght, Dublin, Ireland

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Neville H McClenaghan Biomedical Research Group, UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Sciences, School of Biomedical Sciences, School of Physical Education, Department of Science, Institute of Technology Tallaght, Dublin, Ireland

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Peter R Flatt Biomedical Research Group, UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Sciences, School of Biomedical Sciences, School of Physical Education, Department of Science, Institute of Technology Tallaght, Dublin, Ireland

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Paulo I Homem de Bittencourt Biomedical Research Group, UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Sciences, School of Biomedical Sciences, School of Physical Education, Department of Science, Institute of Technology Tallaght, Dublin, Ireland

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Colin Murphy Biomedical Research Group, UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Sciences, School of Biomedical Sciences, School of Physical Education, Department of Science, Institute of Technology Tallaght, Dublin, Ireland

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Philip Newsholme Biomedical Research Group, UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Sciences, School of Biomedical Sciences, School of Physical Education, Department of Science, Institute of Technology Tallaght, Dublin, Ireland

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have been reported in patients with type 2 diabetes ( Pieper & Dondlinger 1997 ). l -Arginine also increased β-cell neogenesis and antioxidant defenses in rats treated with alloxan and aided recovery of endothelium-dependent relaxation in patients with

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Zeravan A Mohammed College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Duhok, Kurdistan Regional Government and Scientific Research, Kurdistan, Iraq

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Robert S Robinson School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, Leicestershire, UK

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Rachel Harris School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, Leicestershire, UK

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Yasmin McLaughlin School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, Leicestershire, UK

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Kaitlin E M Turnbull School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, Leicestershire, UK

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George E Mann School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, Leicestershire, UK

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Kathryn J Woad School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, Leicestershire, UK

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, Zuo et al . 2017 ) express TLR4, supporting both possible cellular responses. LPS has been shown to injure endothelium from a range of tissues ( Koide et al . 1996 , Fujita et al . 1998 ) and to lead to pathological cell damage, including during

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