Search Results

You are looking at 111 - 120 of 3,690 items for :

  • Refine by access: All content x
Clear All
J. W. H. DOAR
Search for other papers by J. W. H. DOAR in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Close
,
V. WYNN
Search for other papers by V. WYNN in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Close
, and
P. J. WEBB
Search for other papers by P. J. WEBB in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Close

SUMMARY

The use of the resting plasma cortisol level, the diurnal plasma cortisol rhythm and plasma cortisol response to a maximal adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) infusion or insulin-induced hypoglycaemia as indirect tests of hypothalamo—pituitary—adrenocortical function was examined in a group of 27 patients with pituitary disease. While the first three tests provided similar information about hypothalamo—pituitary—adrenocortical function, the plasma cortisol response to insulin-induced hypoglycaemia did not provide further clinically useful information. Difficulties in interpretation of dynamic tests of hypothalamo—pituitary—adrenocortical function are discussed.

Restricted access
A. M. McNicol
Search for other papers by A. M. McNicol in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Close
,
H. Thomson
Search for other papers by H. Thomson in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Close
, and
C. J. R. Stewart
Search for other papers by C. J. R. Stewart in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Close

The distribution of specifically stained corticotrophic cells has been studied in the pituitary glands of 11 dogs with pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism. The results suggest that the disease is not a single entity, and that some cases are caused by primary abnormality of the pituitary gland whereas others appear to be the result of dysfunction of the hypothalamus or central nervous system.

The patterns correspond closely to those demonstrated in the human pituitary gland in Cushing's disease, and confirm that the canine disease is a useful model for the study of the pathogenesis of the variants of the condition.

Restricted access
Camila Calvino
Search for other papers by Camila Calvino in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Close
,
Luana L Souza
Search for other papers by Luana L Souza in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Close
,
Ricardo H Costa-e-Sousa
Search for other papers by Ricardo H Costa-e-Sousa in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Close
,
Norma A S Almeida Laboratório de Endocrinologia Molecular, Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas da Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Biofisica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Edificio do Centro de Ciencias da Saude, Bloco G CEP 21941-902, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Search for other papers by Norma A S Almeida in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Close
,
Isis H Trevenzoli
Search for other papers by Isis H Trevenzoli in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Close
, and
Carmen C Pazos-Moura
Search for other papers by Carmen C Pazos-Moura in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Close

, Ahima & Antwi 2008 ). In addition, leptin modulates the activity of several neuroendocrine axes, including the hypothalamus–pituitary–thyroid (HPT) axis. Similar to leptin, thyroid hormones (THs) are essential for the maintenance of basal metabolism and

Free access
A. J. THODY
Search for other papers by A. J. THODY in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Close
and
S. SHUSTER
Search for other papers by S. SHUSTER in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Close

It is generally believed that the activity of the sebaceous glands depends to a large extent on the gonads. The pituitary also appears to be involved in the physiology of these glands (Ebling, Ebling & Skinner, 1969; Nikkari & Valavaara, 1969; Thody & Shuster, 1970). The relationship between the pituitary and the sebaceous glands may be exerted via growth hormone and prolactin for Ebling et al. (1969) have shown that these pituitary hormones facilitate the effect of testosterone on sebum secretion. This present study was carried out to see whether the pituitary influence on sebum secretion is also mediated through the thyroid and adrenal glands.

The rate of sebum secretion was measured (Archibald & Shuster, 1969) in 12- to 15-week-old rats which had received one of the following treatments: castration, castration and adrenalectomy, castration and thyroidectomy, castration and hypophysectomy, or no treatment (intact controls). Castration was carried out when the

Restricted access
D. P. CUTHBERTSON
Search for other papers by D. P. CUTHBERTSON in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Close
,
T. A. WEBSTER
Search for other papers by T. A. WEBSTER in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Close
, and
F. G. YOUNG
Search for other papers by F. G. YOUNG in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Close
Restricted access
A Levy
Search for other papers by A Levy in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Close

A complete inventory of pituitary trophic responses depends on precise estimates of mitotic activity and apoptotic events, and accurate characterization and quantification of pituitary cell subtypes irrespective of previous and current physiological demand. For a discrete structure that has been so extensively studied, it is disappointing but perhaps not surprising that none of these measures is available and therefore that the relative contributions to changes in the proportions of pituitary cellular subpopulations of trophic activity, differentiation of pluripotent cells and variations in the secretory profiles of apparently committed cells remain almost impossible to determine. To fully appreciate the extent of this dilemma, it should be remembered that conservative estimates of the proportion of corticotrophs in the rat anterior pituitary under basal conditions vary over twofold and that it is still not clear whether the apparent threefold increase in mammotrophs during pregnancy is the result of maturation of uncommitted cells, transdifferentiation of other cells such as somatotrophs, cell division, or a mixture of all three. Equally, while it has been known for some time that adrenalectomy results in a transient increase in anterior pituitary mitotic activity and appropriately timed supraphysiological glucocorticoid replacement with a wave of apoptosis, the precise identity of the cells involved in both of these responses is open to question. Thus, although many of the physiological stimuli associated with apparent changes in the proportions of pituitary cellular subpopulations are known, the precise mechanism of the changes and the consequences of the same remain obscure. This review summarizes the limited literature on pituitary trophic activity and asks what, if anything, analysis of pituitary trophic activity using current technology can tell us.

Free access
Martina Böttner Department of Anatomy, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, D-23538 Lübeck, Germany
Department of Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, University of Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany

Search for other papers by Martina Böttner in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Close
,
Julie Christoffel Department of Anatomy, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, D-23538 Lübeck, Germany
Department of Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, University of Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany

Search for other papers by Julie Christoffel in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Close
,
Hubertus Jarry Department of Anatomy, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, D-23538 Lübeck, Germany
Department of Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, University of Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany

Search for other papers by Hubertus Jarry in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Close
, and
Wolfgang Wuttke Department of Anatomy, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, D-23538 Lübeck, Germany
Department of Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, University of Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany

Search for other papers by Wolfgang Wuttke in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Close

pituitary luteinizing hormone (LH) secretion and diminishing or ceasing hot flushes. Thus, the negative feedback action of E2 or substances with estrogenic activity on LH secretion can be used as an indirect measure of the potency to ameliorate hot flush

Free access
Run Yu UCLA School of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd, Room D3066, Los Angeles, California 90048, USA

Search for other papers by Run Yu in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Close
,
Martha Cruz-Soto UCLA School of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd, Room D3066, Los Angeles, California 90048, USA

Search for other papers by Martha Cruz-Soto in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Close
,
Sergio Li Calzi UCLA School of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd, Room D3066, Los Angeles, California 90048, USA

Search for other papers by Sergio Li Calzi in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Close
,
Hongxiang Hui UCLA School of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd, Room D3066, Los Angeles, California 90048, USA

Search for other papers by Hongxiang Hui in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Close
, and
Shlomo Melmed UCLA School of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd, Room D3066, Los Angeles, California 90048, USA

Search for other papers by Shlomo Melmed in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Close

Introduction Pituitary tumor-transforming gene 1 ( PTTG1 ) is an oncogene that is overexpressed in pituitary tumors and other neoplasms ( Zhang et al. 1999 , Yu & Melmed 2001 , 2004 ). Human PTTG1 is identified as securin, a

Free access
Patricia Joseph-Bravo Departamento de Genética del Desarrollo y Fisiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), A.P. 510-3, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62250, Mexico

Search for other papers by Patricia Joseph-Bravo in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Close
,
Lorraine Jaimes-Hoy Departamento de Genética del Desarrollo y Fisiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), A.P. 510-3, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62250, Mexico

Search for other papers by Lorraine Jaimes-Hoy in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Close
,
Rosa-María Uribe Departamento de Genética del Desarrollo y Fisiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), A.P. 510-3, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62250, Mexico

Search for other papers by Rosa-María Uribe in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Close
, and
Jean-Louis Charli Departamento de Genética del Desarrollo y Fisiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), A.P. 510-3, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62250, Mexico

Search for other papers by Jean-Louis Charli in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Close

function of the hypothalamus–pituitary–thyroid axis (HPT) is no exception ( Figs 1 and 2 ). Since the end of the 19th century, European physicians and surgeons associated neck swelling (thyroid enlargement, goiter), with iodine deficiency, cretinism, and

Free access
R.A. Fraser
Search for other papers by R.A. Fraser in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Close
,
K. Siminoski
Search for other papers by K. Siminoski in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Close
, and
S. Harvey
Search for other papers by S. Harvey in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Close

ABSTRACT

Specific hybridization of polyadenylated RNA, extracted from rat, rabbit and human pituitary glands with a 638 bp rabbit GH receptor (rGHR) cRNA was demonstrated by Northern analysis. In-situ hybridization of tissue sections with the probe demonstrated the localization of rGHR mRNA throughout the rat pituitary gland and its presence in the anterior lobe of the rabbit pituitary. Growth hormone binding sites on pituitary membranes were not, however, demonstrated by radioligand binding studies. Thus, although the GH receptor gene is expressed in pituitary tissue, functional GH receptors may not be inserted into pituitary plasma membranes.

Restricted access