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Department of Pathology,
Division of Biocomputing, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and
Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, USA
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Department of Pathology,
Division of Biocomputing, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and
Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, USA
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Department of Pathology,
Division of Biocomputing, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and
Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, USA
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Department of Pathology,
Division of Biocomputing, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and
Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, USA
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Department of Pathology,
Division of Biocomputing, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and
Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, USA
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Department of Pathology,
Division of Biocomputing, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and
Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, USA
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Department of Pathology,
Division of Biocomputing, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and
Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, USA
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Department of Pathology,
Division of Biocomputing, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and
Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, USA
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, and to characterize the calcium response of native GPR30 in dissociated and cultured rat hypothalamic neurons in response to the GPR30-specific ligand G-1 ( Bologa et al. 2006 ). Materials and Methods
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Departments of Anatomy and Obstetrics and Gynecology, Louisiana State University Medical Center, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, U.S.A.
(Received 22 April 1976)
The albino rat ovulates 15–18 h after parturition during the dark period (Johnson, Zarrow & Denenberg, 1974) and the hormonal interrelationship preceding this post-partum ovulation is similar to that found at pro-oestrus in the normal cycle (Labhsetwar & Watson, 1974). Chatterjee & Greenwald (1971) have shown that unilateral ovariectomy of pregnant rats on days 1, 10 or 15 produces increased numbers of antral follicles within 5 days and compensatory ovulation at the post-partum oestrus. The specific time after which the pregnant rat can no longer respond to unilateral ovariectomy by increasing the number of ova shed from the remaining ovary at the post-partum ovulation has not previously been evaluated. The present experiments were therefore designed to determine this time. Furthermore, such findings would elucidate, physiologically, when those follicles which
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SUMMARY
During the 2nd and 3rd weeks of lactation the liver of the rat hypertrophied to approximately twice its normal size. There was a smaller, but significant, increase in the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) content, indicating an increase in cell number. The increase in liver protein was reversible, but that in DNA was not. These effects appeared to be due to changes in the intake of food.
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Rat placental lactogen-I (rPL-I), the first prolactin-like hormone expressed in the placenta during pregnancy in the rat, is known to influence maternal functions. In the present study, we have investigated the effects of rPL-I on the growth and development of cultured whole rat embryos. Rat embryos, with or without ectoplacental cone (EPC) attached, were explanted at day 9 of gestation. After 48 h of culture, the embryos, enclosed by the yolk sacs, were assessed by the presence of visible heart contractions ('heart beats'), crown-rump length (CRL) and yolk sac diameter (YSD). When intact embryos with EPC were cultured, the concentrations of rPL-I and rPL-II (products of EPC) in the medium were 850+/-841 and 92+/-181 ng/ml respectively (means+/-s.e.m.). In embryo cultures with the EPC removed, rPL-I levels decreased to</=10 ng/ml, and only 70% of the embryos were viable, with visible heart beats. In the viable embryos, both CRL and embryonic DNA synthesis were reduced compared with controls, and the addition of rPL-I (1 microg/ml) did not prevent this reduction. YSD and yolk sac DNA synthesis were also reduced compared with control embryos, and the addition of rPL-I significantly prevented this decrease by 45%. In embryos cultured without EPC in the presence of neutralizing rabbit anti-rat prolactin serum (anti-rPRL), embryonic and yolk sac DNA synthesis were reduced by 35% compared with embryos exposed to normal rabbit serum. Addition of rPL-I significantly increased (P<0.05) embryonic and yolk sac growth. Thus the effects of rPL-I on embryo growth could only be seen in the absence of prolactin. The addition of human prolactin in the presence of anti-rPRL also resulted in significant increases (P<0.05) in embryonic DNA synthesis and CRL. These results suggest that rPL-I may substitute for prolactin to influence the growth of the rat embryo.
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attention than protein phosphatases. Our laboratory identified an endogenous inhibitor of protein kinase C (PKC) in rat ovarian cytosols, as well as the reversal of PKC inhibition following partial purification on DEAE chromatography ( Eyster 1990 , 1993
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fashion ( Roland et al. 1999 , Chen et al. 1999 , Nieminen et al. 2000 , Takahashi et al. 2002 ). Very recently, PrRP-immunopositive cells have been colocalized with TH-expressing cells in rat adrenal gland, confirming that PrRP may be produced
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2011 Testosterone modulation of cardiac β-adrenergic signals in a rat model of heart failure . General and Comparative Endocrinology 172 518 – 525 . ( doi:10.1016/j.ygcen.2011.04.019 ) Twig G Hyde B Shirihai OS
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Abstract
The neurohypophysial hormones, oxytocin and vasopressin, are present as non-covalently bound complexes with their designated neurophysin in the secretory granules of the posterior pituitary. The neurophysins are generally considered to be biologically inert carrier proteins for oxytocin and vasopressin. We have examined the actions of bovine neurophysin-I (bNP-I), bovine neurophysin-II (bNP-II), rat neurophysin (rat NP) and oxytocin on prolactin release using primary cultured rat pituitary cells. A dynamic perifusion system was chosen to test their stimulatory actions. The rat NP and bNP-II stimulated prolactin release. It is a new observation that rat NP and bNP-II stimulate prolactin release from primary cultured rat pituitary cells. The maximum sensitivities, the lowest concentration which stimulate prolactin release, of rat NP, bNP-II, bNP-I and oxytocin in primary cultured cells were 1 nmol/l, 1 nmol/l, 1000 nmol/l and 1 nmol/l respectively. The maximum sensitivities of rat NP and bNP-II were within the physiologically relevant concentrations.
Journal of Endocrinology (1995) 144, 225–231
Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center,
Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan, Republic of China
Division of Reproductive and Developmental Science, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh University, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, School of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan, ROC
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Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center,
Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan, Republic of China
Division of Reproductive and Developmental Science, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh University, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, School of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan, ROC
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Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center,
Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan, Republic of China
Division of Reproductive and Developmental Science, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh University, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, School of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan, ROC
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Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center,
Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan, Republic of China
Division of Reproductive and Developmental Science, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh University, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, School of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan, ROC
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Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center,
Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan, Republic of China
Division of Reproductive and Developmental Science, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh University, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, School of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan, ROC
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Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center,
Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan, Republic of China
Division of Reproductive and Developmental Science, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh University, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, School of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan, ROC
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functions ( Ingman & Robertson 2002 ). TGFβ mainly acts as a positive regulator of granulosa cell differentiation as it enhances FSH-stimulated expression of LH receptor, inhibin, gap junction protein connexin 43, and steroidogenesis in rat and murine
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, tissue dissection, and serum collection Three-months old female Wistar rats (retired breeders, n = 10) were obtained from Charles River Laboratories (St Constant, Canada), caged individually and allowed to age. A young rat (3 months old) and
