Search Results
Search for other papers by Mathias V Schmidt in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Claudia Liebl in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Vera Sterlemann in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Karin Ganea in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Jakob Hartmann in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Daniela Harbich in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Stephanie Alam in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Marianne B Müller in
Google Scholar
PubMed
induce a peripheral corticosterone response ( Levine et al . 2000 ). However, a variety of severe or prolonged stressors disrupt the quiescence of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis during this time of development ( Schoenfeld et al . 1980
Human Development and
Nursing, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Sutton Bonington, Leicestershire LE12 5RD, UK
Macaulay Institute, Craigiebuckler, Aberdeen AB15 8QH, UK
Search for other papers by D S Gardner in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Human Development and
Nursing, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Sutton Bonington, Leicestershire LE12 5RD, UK
Macaulay Institute, Craigiebuckler, Aberdeen AB15 8QH, UK
Search for other papers by B W M Van Bon in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Human Development and
Nursing, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Sutton Bonington, Leicestershire LE12 5RD, UK
Macaulay Institute, Craigiebuckler, Aberdeen AB15 8QH, UK
Search for other papers by J Dandrea in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Human Development and
Nursing, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Sutton Bonington, Leicestershire LE12 5RD, UK
Macaulay Institute, Craigiebuckler, Aberdeen AB15 8QH, UK
Search for other papers by P J Goddard in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Human Development and
Nursing, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Sutton Bonington, Leicestershire LE12 5RD, UK
Macaulay Institute, Craigiebuckler, Aberdeen AB15 8QH, UK
Search for other papers by S F May in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Human Development and
Nursing, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Sutton Bonington, Leicestershire LE12 5RD, UK
Macaulay Institute, Craigiebuckler, Aberdeen AB15 8QH, UK
Search for other papers by V Wilson in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Human Development and
Nursing, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Sutton Bonington, Leicestershire LE12 5RD, UK
Macaulay Institute, Craigiebuckler, Aberdeen AB15 8QH, UK
Search for other papers by T Stephenson in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Human Development and
Nursing, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Sutton Bonington, Leicestershire LE12 5RD, UK
Macaulay Institute, Craigiebuckler, Aberdeen AB15 8QH, UK
Search for other papers by M E Symonds in
Google Scholar
PubMed
2001 ) and reduced with early to mid-gestation undernutrition ( Bispham et al. 2003 ). Interestingly, periconceptional under-nutrition has been shown to markedly activate fetal hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis activity in late gestation
Search for other papers by T M Lovell in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by P G Knight in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by R T Gladwell in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Introduction The regulation of anterior pituitary function is achieved through the balance of central, local and endocrine signals. Gonadotroph cells of the anterior pituitary gland produce both luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle
Search for other papers by P. G. SALUJA in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by J. M. HAMILTON in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by M. GRONOW in
Google Scholar
PubMed
SUMMARY
The prolactin concentration in the dog pituitary gland was determined by isoelectric focusing of adenohypophysial extract in polyacrylamide gels followed by densitometry of the isolated stained hormone band. Dogs of both sexes and various ages (excluding newborn pups and weanlings) were studied. The bitches comprised animals at different stages of the oestrous cycle and also included a small number of pregnant, lactating or ovariectomized animals.
Low pituitary prolactin concentrations were found in males, sexually immature females and dioestrous females. Concentrations about 1·5 times as high occurred in oestrous, metoestrous (luteal) and ovariectomized females. Post-partum lactating bitches had the highest pituitary prolactin concentrations, these being double those occurring at dioestrus. With the exception of relatively high concentrations in ovariectomized bitches, these results are in good agreement with findings in the rat, mouse and rabbit. The persistence of high pituitary prolactin levels throughout metoestrus was believed to be associated with differences between the canine and murine reproductive cycle. Age did not influence pituitary prolactin levels in either males or females.
Search for other papers by C Suarez in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by I Garcia Tornadu in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by W Khalil in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by D Becu-Villalobos in
Google Scholar
PubMed
The physiological importance of and therapeutic interest in dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) has been predominantly in relation to its action as an inhibitor of the promotion and progression of several kinds of tumours, including those of breast, prostate, lung, colon, liver and skin tissues. The aim of the present study was to determine the role of DHEA in diethylstilboestrol (DES)-induced pituitary hyperplasia. Female Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four treatment groups: DES (implanted s.c. with a 20 mg DES pellet), DHEA (two 50 mg DHEA pellets), DHEA/DES (both DHEA and DES pellets), and controls (not implanted). Every week, all rats were weighed and cycled, and jugular blood samples were obtained. After 7 weeks, rats were killed. Hypophyses were removed and weighed, and serum prolactin, GH, IGF-I and leptin levels were assayed by RIA. DHEA cotreatment reduced pituitary enlargement by 39% in DES-treated rats. It also reduced the hyperprolactinaemia (280.4+/-43.6 ng/ml for DHEA/DES vs 823.5+/- 127.1 ng/ml for DES) and partially reversed the loss of body weight induced by DES. DHEA treatment did not modify the effects of DES on serum GH, IGF-I and leptin levels. But DHEA per se also increased pituitary weight and induced hyperprolactinaemia, although to a lesser degree than DES. We conclude that DHEA administration has beneficial effects on oestrogen-induced pituitary hyperplasia and hyperprolactinaemia, but the fact that DHEA per se also induces diverse hormonal effects and a slight pituitary enlargement limits its use as a possible therapeutic drug.
Search for other papers by Iain R Thompson in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Annisa N Chand in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Kim C Jonas in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Jacky M Burrin in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Mark E Steinhelper in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Caroline P Wheeler-Jones in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Craig A McArdle in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Endocrine Signalling Group, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular and Inflammation Group, Laboratory for Integrated Neurosciences and Endocrinology, Veterinary Basic Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Royal College Street, London NW1 0TU, UK
Endocrine Signalling Group, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular and Inflammation Group, Laboratory for Integrated Neurosciences and Endocrinology, Veterinary Basic Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Royal College Street, London NW1 0TU, UK
Search for other papers by Robert C Fowkes in
Google Scholar
PubMed
lethality ( Chusho et al . 2001 ), but investigation of their neuroendocrine tissues has not been reported. Early studies characterising the expression profile of CNP suggested that the CNS and anterior pituitary are rich sources of CNP ( Sudoh et al
Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
Search for other papers by Harleen Kaur in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Nutrition and Health Program, Health and Biosecurity Business Unit, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Adelaide, Australia
Search for other papers by Beverly S Muhlhausler in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Pamela Su-Lin Sim in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Nutrition, Diabetes & Gut Health, Lifelong Health Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, Australia
Search for other papers by Amanda J Page in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Nutrition, Diabetes & Gut Health, Lifelong Health Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, Australia
Search for other papers by Hui Li in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Nutrition, Diabetes & Gut Health, Lifelong Health Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, Australia
Search for other papers by Maria Nunez-Salces in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
Nutrition, Diabetes & Gut Health, Lifelong Health Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, Australia
Search for other papers by Georgia S Clarke in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Lili Huang in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
Search for other papers by Rebecca L Wilson in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Johannes D Veldhuis in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Chen Chen in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
Search for other papers by Claire T Roberts in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
Search for other papers by Kathryn L Gatford in
Google Scholar
PubMed
progressively suppresses pulsatile pituitary secretion from mid-pregnancy onwards ( Eriksson et al . 1989 ). Although the placentas of most other mammalian species, including rodents, do not produce GH ( Papper et al . 2009 ), circulating GH does increase
Search for other papers by W. M. Bennet in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by S. F. Hill in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by M. A. Ghatei in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by S. R. Bloom in
Google Scholar
PubMed
ABSTRACT
Galanin-like immunoreactivity (IR) was measured by radioimmunoassay in extracts of non-tumorous and tumorous human pituitaries and in multiple sites in the human brain. Galanin-IR was present in considerable quantities in the non-tumorous pituitaries (21·4±1·2 pmol/g wet weight; mean ± s.e.m., n = 30). In 25 pituitary tumours, galanin-IR was detectable in extracts of only nine, with a mean concentration of 11·5±4·4 pmol/g. Galanin-IR was undetectable in the remaining 16. Of ten brain sites, galanin-IR was detected only in the hypothalamus, where the concentration was 9·1±1·8 pmol/g (n = 5). On fast protein liquid chromatography of the non-tumorous pituitary extracts, galanin-IR mostly eluted in a peak with a retention time similar to that of synthetic porcine galanin. On gel permeation chromatography, galanin-IR eluted as a peak with an elution coefficient (K av) of 0·72, also similar to that of porcine galanin, with additional preceding (K av 0·62) and following (K av 0·77) peaks of galanin-IR. These results show that healthy human pituitary and hypothalamus contain substantial amounts of galanin, whereas it is present in variable amounts or not at all in pituitary tumours. Chromatographic analysis suggests that pituitary galanin is present in three molecular forms, with the majority corresponding to synthetic porcine galanin.
Journal of Endocrinology (1991) 130, 463–467
Search for other papers by W. B. WATKINS in
Google Scholar
PubMed
The polypeptide hormones of the posterior pituitary gland, oxytocin and vasopressin, can be precipitated out of solution by the addition of sodium chloride to an extract of the gland. The hormones are salted-out complexed to the soluble proteins known as neurophysins and this protein-hormone complex has been found to possess the pressor and oxytocic activities in ratios similar to those found in the fresh gland (van Dyke, Chow, Greep & Rothen 1942). Neurophysins have been isolated from the pig (Uttenthal & Hope, 1970), ox (Rauch, Hollenberg & Hope, 1969) and cod (Pickering, 1968). In the present paper the proteins precipitated from the posterior lobe of the human pituitary gland were investigated by gel exclusion chromatography and starch gel electrophoresis, and their ability to bind oxytocin and vasopressin was determined.
Acetone-dried posterior pituitary lobes (2·4 g) were extracted for 24 h at 4 °C in 0·1 m-hydrochloric acid (100 ml),
Search for other papers by N. G. B. McLETCHIE in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Since Cushing [1932] described the syndrome of pituitary basophilism (Cushing's syndrome) many cases of the condition have been published. The syndrome is characterized by an obesity sparing the limbs, by marked hypertension, glycosuria and hyperglycaemia, osteoporosis, characteristic cutaneous striae, polycythaemia, amenorrhoea and hypertrichosis in the female, impotence in the male, asthenia and diminished resistance to infection [Cohen & Dible, 1936]. Pathological findings in the condition have been very varied in cases which have been clinically indistinguishable (see Crooke's [1935] series). By 1936 the following abnormalities had been described: basophil adenoma and basophilia (relative increase of pituitary basophil cells); adreno-cortical hyperplasia, adenoma, carcinoma; and thymic carcinoma associated with adreno-cortical hyperplasia. In a few cases neither adreno-cortical, thymic, nor anterior pituitary tumours were recorded [Oppenheimer, Globus, Silver & Shaskin, 1935; Freyberg, Barker, Newburgh & Coller, 1936; Crooke, 1935; Cohen & Dible, 1936].
It seemed remarkable that such diverse pathological findings should be
