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Katrine Dahl Bjørnholm Section of Experimental Animal Models, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
Department of Cardiovascular Disease Research, Novo Nordisk, Måløv, Denmark

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Gro Klitgaard Povlsen Department of Diabetes Pharmacology 1, Novo Nordisk, Måløv, Denmark

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Maria Elm Ougaard Department of Pathology and Imaging, Novo Nordisk, Måløv, Denmark

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Charles Pyke Department of Pathology and Imaging, Novo Nordisk, Måløv, Denmark

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Günaj Rakipovski Department of Cardiovascular Disease Research, Novo Nordisk, Måløv, Denmark

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Pernille Tveden-Nyborg Section of Experimental Animal Models, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark

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Jens Lykkesfeldt Section of Experimental Animal Models, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark

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Gry Freja Skovsted Section of Experimental Animal Models, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark

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( Briet & Burns 2012 ). The initial phase of kidney disease or injury involves changes in the renal vasculature including loss of capillaries ( Choi et al. 2000 , Horbelt et al. 2007 ). Ischaemia and resulting activation of inflammatory pathways

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Wenpeng Dong Dialysis Center, Daqing Oilfield General Hospital, Daqing, Heilongjiang, People’s Republic of China
Department of Nephrology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, People’s Republic of China

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Ye Jia Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, People’s Republic of China

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Xiuxia Liu Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, People’s Republic of China

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Huan Zhang Operating theatre, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, People’s Republic of China

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Tie Li Department of Acupuncture and Tuina, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, People’s Republic of China

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Wenlin Huang School of Science and Technology, Georgia Gwinnett College, Lawrenceville, Georgia, USA

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Xudong Chen Gastroenterology Department No. 1, Jilin Central General Hospital, Jilin, Jilin, People’s Republic of China

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Fuchun Wang Department of Acupuncture and Tuina, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, People’s Republic of China

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Weixia Sun Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, People’s Republic of China

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Hao Wu Department of Nephrology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, People’s Republic of China
Department of Acupuncture and Tuina, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, People’s Republic of China

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Introduction As one of the long-term complications of diabetes, diabetic nephropathy (DN) is the main cause of end-stage renal disease ( Dronavalli et al . 2008 ). Thus, end-stage renal disease cannot be effectively prevented or treated

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Katarzyna Czarzasta Department of Experimental and Clinical Physiology, Laboratory of Center for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Warszawa, Poland

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Luminita H Pojoga Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA

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recognized as important contributors to cardiovascular pathology. Growing evidence supports the presence of MR in many extra-renal tissues, including vascular and immune cells, fibroblasts, adipocytes, and myocytes. In these tissues, the MR exerts functions

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Doron Bresler
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Jan Bruder
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Klaus Mohnike
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William D Fraser
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Peter S N Rowe
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inhibits mineralization and renal phosphate uptake ( Lajeunesse et al. 1996 , Nesbitt et al. 1999 , Xiao et al. 1998 ). MEPE, a matrix extracellular phosphoglycoprotein was recently cloned from a tumor resected from a patient with TIO ( Rowe et al

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Yasushi Kirino Clinical Pharmacy, Departments of

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Youichi Sato Clinical Pharmacy, Departments of

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Takayuki Kamimoto Clinical Pharmacy, Departments of

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Kazuyoshi Kawazoe Clinical Pharmacy, Departments of

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Kazuo Minakuchi Clinical Pharmacy, Departments of

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Yutaka Nakahori Clinical Pharmacy, Departments of

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significance of DPP4 activity in insulin-dependent diabetes, dyslipidaemia and diabetic renal dysfunction. In the present study, the changes in DPP4 expressions of plasma and several tissues (kidney, liver, pancreas and adipose tissue) were determined in a

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Yuichi Kikuchi Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-8513, Japan

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Muneharu Yamada Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-8513, Japan

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Toshihiko Imakiire Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-8513, Japan

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Taketoshi Kushiyama Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-8513, Japan

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Keishi Higashi Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-8513, Japan

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Naomi Hyodo Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-8513, Japan

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Kojiro Yamamoto Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-8513, Japan

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Takashi Oda Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-8513, Japan

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Shigenobu Suzuki Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-8513, Japan

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Soichiro Miura Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-8513, Japan

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Introduction The population with type 2 diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome has been increasing worldwide and diabetic nephropathy is a leading cause in many countries, requiring renal replacement therapy. Obesity and insulin

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Cecilia Brännmark Department of Physiology/Metabolic Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden

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Emma I Kay Department of Physiology/Metabolic Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
Bioscience Metabolism, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, Biopharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden

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Unn Örtegren Kugelberg Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden

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Belén Chanclón Department of Physiology/Metabolic Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden

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Man Mohan Shrestha Department of Physiology/Metabolic Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden

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Ingrid Wernstedt Asterholm Department of Physiology/Metabolic Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden

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Peter Strålfors Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden

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Charlotta S Olofsson Department of Physiology/Metabolic Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden

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Here we have investigated the role of the protein caveolin 1 (Cav1) and caveolae in the secretion of the white adipocyte hormone adiponectin. Using mouse primary subcutaneous adipocytes genetically depleted of Cav1, we show that the adiponectin secretion, stimulated either adrenergically or by insulin, is abrogated while basal (unstimulated) release of adiponectin is elevated. Adiponectin secretion is similarly affected in wildtype mouse and human adipocytes where the caveolae structure was chemically disrupted. The altered ex vivo secretion in adipocytes isolated from Cav1 null mice is accompanied by lowered serum levels of the high-molecular weight (HMW) form of adiponectin, whereas the total concentration of adiponectin is unaltered. Interestingly, levels of HMW adiponectin are maintained in adipose tissue from Cav1-depleted mice, signifying that a secretory defect is present. The gene expression of key regulatory proteins known to be involved in cAMP/adrenergically triggered adiponectin exocytosis (the beta-3-adrenergic receptor and exchange protein directly activated by cAMP) remains intact in Cav1 null adipocytes. Microscopy and fractionation studies indicate that adiponectin vesicles do not co-localise with Cav1 but that some vesicles are associated with a specific fraction of caveolae. Our studies propose that Cav1 has an important role in secretion of HMW adiponectin, even though adiponectin-containing vesicles are not obviously associated with this protein. We suggest that Cav1, and/or the caveolae domain, is essential for the organisation of signalling pathways involved in the regulation of HMW adiponectin exocytosis, a function that is disrupted in Cav1/caveolae-depleted adipocytes.

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Yan Ding Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, 525 East 68th Street, Box 3, New York, New York 10065, USA

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Mary E Choi Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, 525 East 68th Street, Box 3, New York, New York 10065, USA

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)-induced early-diabetic rats, with associated renal hypertrophy, and that insulin replacement by insulin treatment or islet transplantation reversed the inhibition of autophagy (Barbosa et al . 1992, Han et al . 1997 ). Impaired autophagy evidenced by renal

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M Lauterburg Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Hospital Bern, Inselspital, Freiburgstrasse 15, 3010 Bern, Switzerland

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G Escher Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Hospital Bern, Inselspital, Freiburgstrasse 15, 3010 Bern, Switzerland

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B Dick Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Hospital Bern, Inselspital, Freiburgstrasse 15, 3010 Bern, Switzerland

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D Ackermann Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Hospital Bern, Inselspital, Freiburgstrasse 15, 3010 Bern, Switzerland

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F J Frey Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Hospital Bern, Inselspital, Freiburgstrasse 15, 3010 Bern, Switzerland

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pressure after UNX, suggesting a renal mechanism for this type of hypertension. Interestingly, Mimran et al . (1993) reported a decline in plasma renin activity in individuals with an increase in blood pressure after UNX, a finding tentatively explained

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Jung-Yoon Heo Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu, Korea
Smart-Aging Convergence Research Center, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu, Korea

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Ji-Eun Kim Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu, Korea
Smart-Aging Convergence Research Center, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu, Korea

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Yongwook Dan Weinberg College, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA

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Yong-Woon Kim Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu, Korea

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Jong-Yeon Kim Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu, Korea

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Kyu Hyang Cho Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu, Korea

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Young Kyung Bae Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu, Korea

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Seung-Soon Im Department of Physiology, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea

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Kwang-Hyeon Liu College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea

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In-Hwan Song Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu, Korea

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Jae-Ryong Kim Smart-Aging Convergence Research Center, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu, Korea
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu, Korea

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In-Kyu Lee Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea

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So-Young Park Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu, Korea
Smart-Aging Convergence Research Center, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu, Korea

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patients include mesangial expansion, glomerulosclerosis, tubular atrophy and interstitial fibrosis ( Kambham et al. 2001 ). These structural changes are followed by a progressive decrease in renal function, including increased proteinuria and decreased

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