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Yoko Yagishita Department of Medical Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA

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Akira Uruno Department of Medical Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
Tohoku Medical-Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan

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Dionysios V Chartoumpekis Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA

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Thomas W Kensler Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA

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Masayuki Yamamoto Department of Medical Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
Tohoku Medical-Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan

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attractive means of preventing and/or treating type 1 diabetes. Identifying novel targets that protect β-cells from damage related to type 1 diabetes is an important goal, and searches for such targets have been widely conducted. The transcription factor

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Jia Fang Wang Lawson Health Research Institute, Medicine, Paediatrics, St Joseph's Health Care, 268 Grosvenor Street, Room H404, London, Ontario, Canada N6A 4V2 Departments of

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David J Hill Lawson Health Research Institute, Medicine, Paediatrics, St Joseph's Health Care, 268 Grosvenor Street, Room H404, London, Ontario, Canada N6A 4V2 Departments of
Lawson Health Research Institute, Medicine, Paediatrics, St Joseph's Health Care, 268 Grosvenor Street, Room H404, London, Ontario, Canada N6A 4V2 Departments of
Lawson Health Research Institute, Medicine, Paediatrics, St Joseph's Health Care, 268 Grosvenor Street, Room H404, London, Ontario, Canada N6A 4V2 Departments of
Lawson Health Research Institute, Medicine, Paediatrics, St Joseph's Health Care, 268 Grosvenor Street, Room H404, London, Ontario, Canada N6A 4V2 Departments of

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depends on the expression of key transcription factors such as PDX-1 and PTF1α within the ductal cells ( Murtaugh 2007 ). PDX-1 is also required in the mature β-cell where it trans-activates the insulin and GLUT2 gene promoters. Other transcription factors

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Susanne Granholm Department of Oral Cell Biology, Umeå University, S-901 87 Umeå, Sweden

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Pernilla Lundberg Department of Oral Cell Biology, Umeå University, S-901 87 Umeå, Sweden

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Ulf H Lerner Department of Oral Cell Biology, Umeå University, S-901 87 Umeå, Sweden

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quantitative real-time PCR analyses of c-Fms (B) and RANK (C) at 24–96 h are shown. In (D), the semi-quantitative RT-PCR analyses of the mRNA expression of the transcription factors c-Fos, c-Jun, NFAT-2 and the mRNA expression of IκBα, the inhibitory component

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Fu-Qing Yu State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China
Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yu-quan Road, Beijing 10009, China

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Chun-Sheng Han State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China
Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yu-quan Road, Beijing 10009, China

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Wei Yang State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China
Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yu-quan Road, Beijing 10009, China

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Xuan Jin State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China
Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yu-quan Road, Beijing 10009, China

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Zhao-Yuan Hu State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China
Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yu-quan Road, Beijing 10009, China

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Yi-Xun Liu State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China
Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yu-quan Road, Beijing 10009, China

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cholesterol from mitochondrial outer membrane to inner membrane, where cytochrome P450 side-chain cleavage enzyme (P450 scc) resides ( Christenson & Strauss 2000 , Stocco 2000 ). StAR expression is regulated by several transcription factors such as DAX-1

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Aijun Zhang Houston Methodist Research Institute, College of Arts and Sciences, Departments of Paediatrics, Children's Health Research Institute, Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Genomic Medicine Program, 6670 Bertner Ave, Houston, Texas 77030, USA

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Douglas H Sieglaff Houston Methodist Research Institute, College of Arts and Sciences, Departments of Paediatrics, Children's Health Research Institute, Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Genomic Medicine Program, 6670 Bertner Ave, Houston, Texas 77030, USA

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Jean Philippe York Houston Methodist Research Institute, College of Arts and Sciences, Departments of Paediatrics, Children's Health Research Institute, Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Genomic Medicine Program, 6670 Bertner Ave, Houston, Texas 77030, USA

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Ji Ho Suh Houston Methodist Research Institute, College of Arts and Sciences, Departments of Paediatrics, Children's Health Research Institute, Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Genomic Medicine Program, 6670 Bertner Ave, Houston, Texas 77030, USA

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Stephen D Ayers Houston Methodist Research Institute, College of Arts and Sciences, Departments of Paediatrics, Children's Health Research Institute, Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Genomic Medicine Program, 6670 Bertner Ave, Houston, Texas 77030, USA

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Glenn E Winnier Houston Methodist Research Institute, College of Arts and Sciences, Departments of Paediatrics, Children's Health Research Institute, Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Genomic Medicine Program, 6670 Bertner Ave, Houston, Texas 77030, USA

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Alexei Kharitonenkov Houston Methodist Research Institute, College of Arts and Sciences, Departments of Paediatrics, Children's Health Research Institute, Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Genomic Medicine Program, 6670 Bertner Ave, Houston, Texas 77030, USA

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Christopher Pin Houston Methodist Research Institute, College of Arts and Sciences, Departments of Paediatrics, Children's Health Research Institute, Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Genomic Medicine Program, 6670 Bertner Ave, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
Houston Methodist Research Institute, College of Arts and Sciences, Departments of Paediatrics, Children's Health Research Institute, Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Genomic Medicine Program, 6670 Bertner Ave, Houston, Texas 77030, USA

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Pumin Zhang Houston Methodist Research Institute, College of Arts and Sciences, Departments of Paediatrics, Children's Health Research Institute, Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Genomic Medicine Program, 6670 Bertner Ave, Houston, Texas 77030, USA

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Paul Webb Houston Methodist Research Institute, College of Arts and Sciences, Departments of Paediatrics, Children's Health Research Institute, Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Genomic Medicine Program, 6670 Bertner Ave, Houston, Texas 77030, USA

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Xuefeng Xia Houston Methodist Research Institute, College of Arts and Sciences, Departments of Paediatrics, Children's Health Research Institute, Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Genomic Medicine Program, 6670 Bertner Ave, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
Houston Methodist Research Institute, College of Arts and Sciences, Departments of Paediatrics, Children's Health Research Institute, Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Genomic Medicine Program, 6670 Bertner Ave, Houston, Texas 77030, USA

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binding DNA-response elements (TREs) in the proximal promoters of target genes as heterodimers with retinoid X receptors (RXRs) but can also regulate target genes via protein–protein interactions with heterologous transcription factors ( Baxter & Webb 2009

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Andre P Seale Hawaii Institute of Marine Biology, Department of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering, Department of Biology and Center for Neuroendocrine Studies, University of Hawaii, Kaneohe, Hawaii 96744, USA

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Benjamin P Moorman Hawaii Institute of Marine Biology, Department of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering, Department of Biology and Center for Neuroendocrine Studies, University of Hawaii, Kaneohe, Hawaii 96744, USA
Hawaii Institute of Marine Biology, Department of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering, Department of Biology and Center for Neuroendocrine Studies, University of Hawaii, Kaneohe, Hawaii 96744, USA

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Jacob J Stagg Hawaii Institute of Marine Biology, Department of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering, Department of Biology and Center for Neuroendocrine Studies, University of Hawaii, Kaneohe, Hawaii 96744, USA
Hawaii Institute of Marine Biology, Department of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering, Department of Biology and Center for Neuroendocrine Studies, University of Hawaii, Kaneohe, Hawaii 96744, USA

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Jason P Breves Hawaii Institute of Marine Biology, Department of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering, Department of Biology and Center for Neuroendocrine Studies, University of Hawaii, Kaneohe, Hawaii 96744, USA
Hawaii Institute of Marine Biology, Department of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering, Department of Biology and Center for Neuroendocrine Studies, University of Hawaii, Kaneohe, Hawaii 96744, USA

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Darren T Lerner Hawaii Institute of Marine Biology, Department of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering, Department of Biology and Center for Neuroendocrine Studies, University of Hawaii, Kaneohe, Hawaii 96744, USA

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E Gordon Grau Hawaii Institute of Marine Biology, Department of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering, Department of Biology and Center for Neuroendocrine Studies, University of Hawaii, Kaneohe, Hawaii 96744, USA

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PrlRs exhibit changes in expression in the pituitary following salinity challenges. Lastly, we explored the effects of acclimation salinity and extracellular osmolality on the gene expression of osmotic stress transcription factor 1 ( ostf1 ) in the RPD

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Asmaà Fritah Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U673, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC-Paris 6), Paris, France

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Gérard Redeuilh Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U673, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC-Paris 6), Paris, France

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Michèle Sabbah Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U673, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC-Paris 6), Paris, France

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sequence called the oestrogen response element (ERE), which is usually located upstream of the promoter and displays enhancer properties. For regulation of gene transcription, ER has to interact with basal transcription factors and RNA polymerase II ( Jacq

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A V Sirotkin
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P Sanislo
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H-J Schaeffer
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I Florkovičová
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J Kotwica
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J Bulla
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L Hetényi
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associated with proliferation (PCNA), apoptosis (Bax), TK (phosphotyrosine), Cdc2/p34, PKA and PKA-activated transcription factor (CREB-1) in cultured porcine ovarian cells. We also investigated how TPO influences the secretion of progesterone

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Anna E Bollag Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA

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Tianyang Guo Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA

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Ke-Hong Ding Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA

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Vivek Choudhary Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, Georgia, USA
Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA

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Xunsheng Chen Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, Georgia, USA
Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA

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Qing Zhong Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA

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Jianrui Xu Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA

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Kanglun Yu Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA

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Mohamed E Awad Department of Oral Biology, Dental College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA

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Mohammed Elsalanty Department of Oral Biology, Dental College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA

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Maribeth H Johnson Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA

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Meghan E McGee-Lawrence Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA

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Wendy B Bollag Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, Georgia, USA
Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
Department of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA

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Carlos M Isales Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
Department of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA

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known to activate multiple transcription factors important in bone formation ( Kanczler et al. 1998 ). The importance of oxidants as signaling molecules suggests, therefore, that global inhibition of oxidation with antioxidant supplementation might

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Eleftheria Diakogiannaki Peninsula Medical School, Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, John Bull Building, Plymouth PL6 8BU, UK

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Hannah J Welters Peninsula Medical School, Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, John Bull Building, Plymouth PL6 8BU, UK

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Noel G Morgan Peninsula Medical School, Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, John Bull Building, Plymouth PL6 8BU, UK

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transcription factor 4 (ATF4), GRP78 (Santa Cruz), eukaryotic initiation factor 2α (eIF2α), p-eIF2α (Cell Signalling), CHOP-10, β-actin, histone H3 (Sigma). The dilution used in all cases was 1:1000. Incubation lasted for 4 h at room temperature. The membrane

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