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-cell proliferation and an inability to expand islet cell mass with aging. Diabetes onset is accompanied by loss of fat tissue. In contrast, pttg −/− female mice rarely develop diabetes before 1 year of age and the incidence of diabetes in older pttg -null females
Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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Tohoku Medical-Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
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Tohoku Medical-Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
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Introduction Type 1 diabetes is caused by destruction or dysfunction of insulin-producing pancreatic β-cells, and its incidence is increasing in the modern world ( Tuomilehto 2013 ). Protecting β-cells from inflammation and destruction is an
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Department of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Molecular Biosciences, Department of Nutrition, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, T7 022A Veterinary Research Tower (Box 17), Ithaca, New York 14850, USA
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Department of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Molecular Biosciences, Department of Nutrition, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, T7 022A Veterinary Research Tower (Box 17), Ithaca, New York 14850, USA
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Department of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Molecular Biosciences, Department of Nutrition, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, T7 022A Veterinary Research Tower (Box 17), Ithaca, New York 14850, USA
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Department of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Molecular Biosciences, Department of Nutrition, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, T7 022A Veterinary Research Tower (Box 17), Ithaca, New York 14850, USA
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Introduction The prevalence of type 2 diabetes is steadily rising with approximately one in ten adults affected in industrialized countries ( Danaei et al . 2011 ), necessitating the advent of more effective therapeutic strategies for the
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Clinical Chemistry Program, Center for Gene Regulation in Health and Diseases, Department of Cancer Biology, Barbara Davis Center of Childhood Diabetes, Central Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Department of Biological Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Cleveland State University, SI 424, Cleveland, Ohio 44115, USA
Clinical Chemistry Program, Center for Gene Regulation in Health and Diseases, Department of Cancer Biology, Barbara Davis Center of Childhood Diabetes, Central Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Department of Biological Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Cleveland State University, SI 424, Cleveland, Ohio 44115, USA
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Introduction The etiology of diabetes continues to be a focus of investigation. Both genetic and environmental factors such as toxins, viruses, and diets are believed to play an important role in its pathogenesis ( Mathis et al . 2001 ). A
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Introduction Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is an autoimmune disease, resulting from the destruction of insulin-producing β-cells of the pancreatic islets of Langerhans, which leads to a state of hypoinsulinemia and hyperglycemia. In 2015, 1
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Faculty of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
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Imperial College London, London, UK
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Department of Biochemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Introduction Maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY) is a clinically heterogeneous form of diabetes that is inherited in an autosomal-dominant pattern and in general, affected families have a history of diabetes over several generations
Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, China
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Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, China
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Departments of Medicine and Pathology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
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Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, China
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Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, China
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Introduction Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic isorder characterized by hyperglycemia in the context of insulin resistance (IR) and insulin secretion deficiency due to β-cell dysfunction. The global prevalence of T2DM is
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2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease and cancer ( Eyre et al . 2004 ). While common molecular mechanisms are only just beginning to emerge, there has been a wealth of epidemiological data describing the overlap between many of the diseases. Among this
Pathobiology, The University of Tennessee, 1215 W. Cumberland Avenue, JHB 229, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996-1920, USA
The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Maine, USA
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Pathobiology, The University of Tennessee, 1215 W. Cumberland Avenue, JHB 229, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996-1920, USA
The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Maine, USA
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Pathobiology, The University of Tennessee, 1215 W. Cumberland Avenue, JHB 229, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996-1920, USA
The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Maine, USA
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Pathobiology, The University of Tennessee, 1215 W. Cumberland Avenue, JHB 229, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996-1920, USA
The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Maine, USA
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Pathobiology, The University of Tennessee, 1215 W. Cumberland Avenue, JHB 229, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996-1920, USA
The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Maine, USA
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Pathobiology, The University of Tennessee, 1215 W. Cumberland Avenue, JHB 229, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996-1920, USA
The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Maine, USA
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Pathobiology, The University of Tennessee, 1215 W. Cumberland Avenue, JHB 229, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996-1920, USA
The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Maine, USA
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Pathobiology, The University of Tennessee, 1215 W. Cumberland Avenue, JHB 229, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996-1920, USA
The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Maine, USA
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Pathobiology, The University of Tennessee, 1215 W. Cumberland Avenue, JHB 229, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996-1920, USA
The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Maine, USA
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Pathobiology, The University of Tennessee, 1215 W. Cumberland Avenue, JHB 229, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996-1920, USA
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Pathobiology, The University of Tennessee, 1215 W. Cumberland Avenue, JHB 229, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996-1920, USA
The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Maine, USA
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Pathobiology, The University of Tennessee, 1215 W. Cumberland Avenue, JHB 229, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996-1920, USA
The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Maine, USA
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Introduction The prevalence of diabetes is growing worldwide and it is estimated that 366 million people will be affected by the year 2030 (171 million in the year 2000; Wild et al. 2004 ). Diabetes is associated with an increased
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College of Health and Biomedicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, Biosciences Research Precinct, School of Pharmacy, Victoria University, St Albans, Victoria 3021, Australia
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College of Health and Biomedicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, Biosciences Research Precinct, School of Pharmacy, Victoria University, St Albans, Victoria 3021, Australia
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College of Health and Biomedicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, Biosciences Research Precinct, School of Pharmacy, Victoria University, St Albans, Victoria 3021, Australia
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most devastating acquired vascular complications of diabetes mellitus, is responsible for affecting overall life quality worldwide. It has been estimated that the number of Americans suffering from DR will be 16 million by 2050 ( Milne & Brownstein 2013