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Hayashida & Li (1958) and Hayashida (1962) reported that ox growth hormone produced antibodies against ox lactogenic hormone, a serum protein and the growth hormone itself, but Chadwick, Folley & Gemzell (1961) obtained negative results with ox growth hormone in the bioassay for lactogenic hormone. Ferguson & Wallace (1963) found that the electrophoretic bands characteristic of prolactin could be detected on starch-gel electrophoretograms of some ox growth hormone preparations.
The purpose of this communication is to show the results of assays of various ox growth hormone preparations for the presence of prolactin, as measured by the deciduoma method (Kovačić, 1963). In this method the formation of deciduomata in the damaged uterine horn of adult hypophysectomized mice is used as the endpoint. In the mouse, prolactin has luteotrophic properties; it is believed that luteal cells secrete progesterone, which causes decidual reactions.
The results of assays for prolactin on two preparations (72-GH-1
Department of Reproductive Medicine, Westmead Hospital, University of Sydney, New South Wales 2145, Australia
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Department of Reproductive Medicine, Westmead Hospital, University of Sydney, New South Wales 2145, Australia
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Department of Reproductive Medicine, Westmead Hospital, University of Sydney, New South Wales 2145, Australia
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Department of Reproductive Medicine, Westmead Hospital, University of Sydney, New South Wales 2145, Australia
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Department of Reproductive Medicine, Westmead Hospital, University of Sydney, New South Wales 2145, Australia
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Department of Reproductive Medicine, Westmead Hospital, University of Sydney, New South Wales 2145, Australia
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Department of Reproductive Medicine, Westmead Hospital, University of Sydney, New South Wales 2145, Australia
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Introduction Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) is critical for ovarian folliculogenesis and female fertility. FSH plays a key role in antral follicle development and, in combination with luteinizing hormone (LH), stimulates
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Department of Physiological Sciences, Laboratory of Lipids, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Department of Applied Nutrition, Roberto Alcantara Gomes Biology Institute
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Department of Physiological Sciences, Laboratory of Lipids, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Department of Applied Nutrition, Roberto Alcantara Gomes Biology Institute
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processes including the secretion of hormones, such as ADH, GH, ACTH, cortisol, catecholamines, and leptin ( Robinson 1977 , Yeh & Barbieri 1989 , Grassi et al . 1994 , Walker et al . 1999 ). In normal men, smoking causes an increase in heart rate and
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obesity also have T2DM ( Su et al. 2015 ). The exploration of gut hormones has been ongoing for over a century, dating back to La Barre’s introduction of the concept of ‘incretin’ in 1932 ( Kim & Egan 2008 ). From the isolation of the first gut hormone
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Introduction Reproduction in nonprimate mammals and in primates is highly responsive to metabolic alterations ( Cameron 1991 , Wade & Jones 2004 ). Deficiencies of metabolic fuels prevent the proper release of gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH
Department of Neuroendocrinology, Max-Planck-Institute for Experimental Endocrinology, Feodor-Lynen-Str. 7, 30625 Hannover, Germany
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Department of Neuroendocrinology, Max-Planck-Institute for Experimental Endocrinology, Feodor-Lynen-Str. 7, 30625 Hannover, Germany
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Department of Neuroendocrinology, Max-Planck-Institute for Experimental Endocrinology, Feodor-Lynen-Str. 7, 30625 Hannover, Germany
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Department of Neuroendocrinology, Max-Planck-Institute for Experimental Endocrinology, Feodor-Lynen-Str. 7, 30625 Hannover, Germany
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Department of Neuroendocrinology, Max-Planck-Institute for Experimental Endocrinology, Feodor-Lynen-Str. 7, 30625 Hannover, Germany
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Department of Neuroendocrinology, Max-Planck-Institute for Experimental Endocrinology, Feodor-Lynen-Str. 7, 30625 Hannover, Germany
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Department of Neuroendocrinology, Max-Planck-Institute for Experimental Endocrinology, Feodor-Lynen-Str. 7, 30625 Hannover, Germany
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Introduction Thyroid hormones (TH) are essential for development, growth, metabolism, and reproduction ( Porterfield & Hendrich 1993 , Oppenheimer & Schwartz 1997 , Anderson et al. 2003 , Choksi et al. 2003 , Bernal 2005
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Signal transduction: a matter of amplifiers Homeostasis of multicellular organisms requires precise communication between different cells. The paradigm of hormonal function defines a cellular source of signals and a definite
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Introduction
Growth hormone (GH) secretion has traditionally been considered to be under dual hypothalamic control, being stimulated by a GH-releasing factor (GRF) and suppressed by somatostatin (SRIF), an inhibitory releasing factor (Müller, 1987). These hypothalamic peptides are released into hypophysial circulation in response to stimuli in the internal and external environment, and act at receptors on somatotroph cells to regulate GH synthesis and release. Hypophysial portal plasma, however, also transports other hypophysiotrophic factors to the pituitary gland, and somatotrophs are undoubtedly exposed to other putative GRFs.
Thyrotrophin-releasing hormone (TRH; pGlu-His-Pro-NH2) was the first hypophysiotrophic peptide to be isolated and synthesized chemically and was called TRH because it was found to stimulate thyrotrophin (TSH) release from the pituitary gland (Nelson, 1982). However, since its discovery, TRH has been found to be synthesized in numerous locations throughout the 'diffuse neuroendocrine system', and in addition to its neuroendocrine role in the regulation of
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Introduction
The biological role of parathyroid hormone (PTH) in calcium and bone metabolism has interested our laboratory for 35 years. Original studies focused on isolation, chemical analysis, and synthesis of the hormone as well as development and application of immunoassays to analyze its physiological role. More recently the cloning of genes that encode the hormone and the PTH receptor have provided important tools for a more detailed analysis of hormone action at the molecular and cellular levels.
In addition to its vital physiological role in calcium homeostasis PTH is interesting from a medical perspective both in disorders of excess or deficient PTH production (hyperparathyroidism and hypoparathyroidism respectively) and in its potential use as a therapeutic agent in osteoporosis.
This review will focus on the current state of our knowledge of the hormone and its receptor and our recent efforts to map key molecular interactions between the hormone and
London Regional Cancer Program, Biochemistry, 790 Commissioners Road, Room A4-921, London, Ontario, N6A 4L6 Canada Departments of
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London Regional Cancer Program, Biochemistry, 790 Commissioners Road, Room A4-921, London, Ontario, N6A 4L6 Canada Departments of
London Regional Cancer Program, Biochemistry, 790 Commissioners Road, Room A4-921, London, Ontario, N6A 4L6 Canada Departments of
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al . 2006 , 2007 ) or elevated upon oestrogen (E 2 ) treatment of human breast cancer cell lines ( Charpentier et al . 2000 , Bouras et al . 2002 ). However, whether STC2 is responsive to other hormones that can regulate growth and what effect it
