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Muraly Puttabyatappa Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA

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Robert M Sargis Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA

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Vasantha Padmanabhan Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA

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involved in the processes of lung maturation and parturition ( Keelan 2018 ) as well as in the sex steroid programming of behavioral sexual dimorphism ( McCarthy et al. 2017 ), maternal disease states (e.g. gestational diabetes ( Pantham et al. 2015

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Nabanita S Datta Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 1107 Elliman Building, 421 East Canfield Avenue, Detroit, Michigan 48201, USA

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Tareq A Samra Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 1107 Elliman Building, 421 East Canfield Avenue, Detroit, Michigan 48201, USA

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Chandrika D Mahalingam Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 1107 Elliman Building, 421 East Canfield Avenue, Detroit, Michigan 48201, USA

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Tanuka Datta Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 1107 Elliman Building, 421 East Canfield Avenue, Detroit, Michigan 48201, USA

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Abdul B Abou-Samra Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 1107 Elliman Building, 421 East Canfield Avenue, Detroit, Michigan 48201, USA

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hyperparathyroidism. Bone loss during a low calcium diet apparently exhibits a sexual dimorphism. Since the low calcium diet was initiated at 4 weeks of age and ended at 8 weeks of age, and since ovarian functions in female mice mature approximately at week 6 of age

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S Khan Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK

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D E W Livingstone Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
Centre for Discovery Brain Science, University of Edinburgh, Hugh Robson Building, Edinburgh, UK

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A Zielinska College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK

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C L Doig Department of Biosciences, School of Science & Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK

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D F Cobice Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK

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C L Esteves Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK

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J T Y Man Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK

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N Z M Homer Mass Spectrometry Core Laboratory, Edinburgh Clinical Research Facility, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK

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J R Seckl Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK

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C L MacKay SIRCAMS, School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Joseph Black Building, King's Buildings, Edinburgh, UK

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S P Webster Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK

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G G Lavery Department of Biosciences, School of Science & Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK

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K E Chapman Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK

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B R Walker Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
Clinical & Translational Research Institute, Newcastle University, International Centre for Life, Central Parkway, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK

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R Andrew Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
Mass Spectrometry Core Laboratory, Edinburgh Clinical Research Facility, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK

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both sexes are required, particularly given the differences in the distribution of adipose tissue between sexes, as well as sexual dimorphism in enzyme activity ( Jamieson et al. 2000 ) and other regulatory factors such as binding globulins ( Toews

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Leonardo Matta Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
Institute for Diabetes and Cancer, Helmholtz Center Munich, Munich, Germany

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Cinthia Breves Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

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Luiz Fonte Boa Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

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Aina Eiras Domingos Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

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Caroline C Faria Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
UMR9019 CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France

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Itanna Souza Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

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Niedson Correia Lima-Junior Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

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Anna Paola Trindade Rocha Josué de Castro Institute of Nutrition, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

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Bianca M Gregório Urogenital Research Unit, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

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Denise Pires Carvalho Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

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Andrea C F Ferreira Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Josué de Castro Institute of Nutrition, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

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José Hamilton Matheus Nascimento Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

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Leonardo Maciel NUMPEX, Duque de Caxias Campus, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

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Rodrigo S Fortunato Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

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. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 19 895 . ( https://doi.org/10.3390/IJMS19030895 ) Fortunato RS Braga WMO Ortenzi VH Rodrigues DC Andrade BM Miranda-Alves L Rondinelli E Dupuy C Ferreira ACF & Carvalho DP 2013 Sexual dimorphism

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Marta Lantero Rodriguez Wallenberg Laboratory for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden

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Maaike Schilperoort Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands

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Inger Johansson Wallenberg Laboratory for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden

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Elin Svedlund Eriksson Wallenberg Laboratory for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden

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Vilborg Palsdottir Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden

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Jan Kroon Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands

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Marcus Henricsson Wallenberg Laboratory for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden

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Sander Kooijman Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands

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Mia Ericson Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden

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Jan Borén Wallenberg Laboratory for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden

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Claes Ohlsson Center for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden

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John-Olov Jansson Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden

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Malin C Levin Wallenberg Laboratory for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden

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Patrick C N Rensen Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands

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Åsa Tivesten Wallenberg Laboratory for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden

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during the ovarian cycle are important regulators of BAT activity in women, requiring awareness in studies of the sexual dimorphism in BAT physiology. In the present study, we found that castration slightly increased NA content in BAT. This finding may

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Qin Yin Department of Orthopedics, Wuxi Ninth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China

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Jun Gu Department of Orthopedics, Wuxi Ninth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China

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Pengju Ren Department of Orthopedics, The Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai, China

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Zhiqiang Guan Department of Dermatology, Xuzhou Municipal Hospital Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China

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Yongxiang Wang Department of Orthopedics, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
Department of Orthopedics, Northern Jiangsu People’s Hospital, Yangzhou, China

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Ruijun Bai Department of Orthopedics, Wuxi Ninth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China

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Yu Liu Department of Orthopedics, Wuxi Ninth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China

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. Ovariectomized and orchidectomized animals . Clinical Calcium 21 164 – 170 . Kaliannan K Robertson RC Murphy K Stanton C Kang C Wang B Hao L Bhan AK & Kang JX 2018 Estrogen-mediated gut microbiome alterations influence sexual dimorphism in

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Emre Murat Altinkilic Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
Department of BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland

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Philipp Augsburger Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
Department of BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland

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Amit V Pandey Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
Department of BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland

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Christa E Flück Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
Department of BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland

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unaffected. This sex dimorphism is due to the fact that male sex differentiation depends on testosterone production in the testes, which may be severely affected by STAR deficiency ( Fluck & Guran 2023 ). By contrast, female sex differentiation does not

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Misaki Kojima
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Masashi Sekimoto Animal Genome Research Unit, Department of Molecular Toxicology and Global COE Program, Division of Animal Sciences, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Kannondai 2-1-2, Tsukuba 305-8602, Japan

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Masakuni Degawa Animal Genome Research Unit, Department of Molecular Toxicology and Global COE Program, Division of Animal Sciences, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Kannondai 2-1-2, Tsukuba 305-8602, Japan

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) ( Zamaratskaia et al . 2009 ) led to modulation of hepatic activities of CYP1A subfamily enzymes. Likewise, androgen is also considered to be one of the factors which determine sexual dimorphism in the constitutive and/or xenobiotic-induced expression of Cyp1a2

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Alejandra Abeledo-Machado Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina

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Dana Bornancini Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina

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Milagros Peña-Zanoni Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina

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María Andrea Camilletti Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina

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Erika Yanil Faraoni Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina

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Graciela Díaz-Torga Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina

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). We have previously described that TGFβ1 plays an intra-pituitary inhibitory action on lactotroph function in rats, contributing to the sexual dimorphism observed in the serum prolactin levels during the post-natal development ( Abeledo-Machado et al

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Yiran Zhou Department of Anatomy, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand

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Christine Neyt Department of Anatomy, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand

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Nicola J Batchelor Department of Anatomy, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand

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Rebecca L Kelley School of Biosciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia

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Karmilla Jaafar Amsak Department of Anatomy, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand

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Greg M Anderson Department of Anatomy, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
Centre for Neuroendocrinology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand

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Dorothy E Oorschot Department of Anatomy, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
Brain Health Research Centre, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand

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Christine L Jasoni Department of Anatomy, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
Centre for Neuroendocrinology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand

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Jane E Girling Department of Anatomy, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand

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Michael W Pankhurst Department of Anatomy, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand

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://doi.org/10.1210/endo.142.11.8486 ) 11606457 Garrel G Racine C L’Hote D Denoyelle C Guigon CJ di Clemente N Cohen-Tannoudji J 2016 Anti-Mullerian hormone: a new actor of sexual dimorphism in pituitary gonadotrope activity before puberty

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