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Aurea Orozco
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Carlos Valverde-R
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Aurora Olvera
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Carlota García-G Instituto de Neurobiología, Departamento de Investigación Biomédica, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Boulevard Juriquilla 3001, Juriquilla, Querétaro 76230, México

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iodothyronine deiodinases (Ds). Indeed, iodothyronine deiodination is the essential first step in the pre-receptor control mechanism of TH action ( Nobel et al . 2001 ). From an evolutionary perspective, Ds may be considered pivotal players in the emergence and

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L Johnsen Department of Veterinary Clinical and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Groennegaardsvej 7, DK-1870 Frederiksberg, Denmark

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A H Kongsted Department of Veterinary Clinical and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Groennegaardsvej 7, DK-1870 Frederiksberg, Denmark

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M O Nielsen Department of Veterinary Clinical and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Groennegaardsvej 7, DK-1870 Frederiksberg, Denmark

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specific receptors in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus, induce neuroendocrine changes resulting in increased release of TRH from the hypothalamus, TSH from the pituitary gland, and thereby TH from the thyroid glands ( Costa da Veiga et al . 2004

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Dimitri Novitzky
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David K C Cooper Formerly Professor of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA

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adrenergic receptors and protein synthesis. Thyroid hormones affect excitation/contractility coupling and have inotropic properties ( Ririe et al . 1995 ), which are dose-dependent ( Snow et al . 1992 ), and are strong vasodilators of systemic arteries

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Sarika Paul Centre for Biological Timing, Faculty of Medicine, Biology and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK

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Timothy M Brown Centre for Biological Timing, Faculty of Medicine, Biology and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK

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). Indeed, as discussed in detail below, direct SCN projections target many of the key neurosecretory hypothalamic cell groups including corticotrophin releasing hormone (CRH), thyrotrophin-releasing hormone (TRH), gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and

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Type 1 iodothyronine deiodinase in human physiology and disease

Deiodinases: the balance of thyroid hormone

Ana Luiza Maia Endocrine Division, Thyroid Section, Serviço de Endocrinologia, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2350, CEP 90035-003 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil

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Iuri Martin Goemann Endocrine Division, Thyroid Section, Serviço de Endocrinologia, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2350, CEP 90035-003 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil

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Erika L Souza Meyer Endocrine Division, Thyroid Section, Serviço de Endocrinologia, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2350, CEP 90035-003 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil

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Simone Magagnin Wajner Endocrine Division, Thyroid Section, Serviço de Endocrinologia, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2350, CEP 90035-003 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil

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. 1998 ). In addition, the human DIO1 promoter contains thyroid hormone response-retinoic acid (RA) response elements that mediate thyroid hormone receptor (TR)β activation ( Schreck et al . 1994 , Toyoda et al . 1995 ). Interestingly, a recent

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Juliana Gastão Franco Department of Physiological Sciences, Department of Basic and Experimental Nutrition, Laboratory of Molecular Endocrinology, Department of Applied Nutrition, Roberto Alcântara Gomes Biology Institute

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Egberto Gaspar de Moura Department of Physiological Sciences, Department of Basic and Experimental Nutrition, Laboratory of Molecular Endocrinology, Department of Applied Nutrition, Roberto Alcântara Gomes Biology Institute

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Josely Correa Koury Department of Physiological Sciences, Department of Basic and Experimental Nutrition, Laboratory of Molecular Endocrinology, Department of Applied Nutrition, Roberto Alcântara Gomes Biology Institute

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Paula Affonso Trotta Department of Physiological Sciences, Department of Basic and Experimental Nutrition, Laboratory of Molecular Endocrinology, Department of Applied Nutrition, Roberto Alcântara Gomes Biology Institute

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Aline Cordeiro Department of Physiological Sciences, Department of Basic and Experimental Nutrition, Laboratory of Molecular Endocrinology, Department of Applied Nutrition, Roberto Alcântara Gomes Biology Institute

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Luana Lopes Souza Department of Physiological Sciences, Department of Basic and Experimental Nutrition, Laboratory of Molecular Endocrinology, Department of Applied Nutrition, Roberto Alcântara Gomes Biology Institute

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Norma Aparecida dos Santos Almeida Department of Physiological Sciences, Department of Basic and Experimental Nutrition, Laboratory of Molecular Endocrinology, Department of Applied Nutrition, Roberto Alcântara Gomes Biology Institute

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Natália da Silva Lima Department of Physiological Sciences, Department of Basic and Experimental Nutrition, Laboratory of Molecular Endocrinology, Department of Applied Nutrition, Roberto Alcântara Gomes Biology Institute

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Carmen Cabanelas Pazos-Moura Department of Physiological Sciences, Department of Basic and Experimental Nutrition, Laboratory of Molecular Endocrinology, Department of Applied Nutrition, Roberto Alcântara Gomes Biology Institute

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Patrícia Cristina Lisboa Department of Physiological Sciences, Department of Basic and Experimental Nutrition, Laboratory of Molecular Endocrinology, Department of Applied Nutrition, Roberto Alcântara Gomes Biology Institute

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Magna Cottini Fonseca Passos Department of Physiological Sciences, Department of Basic and Experimental Nutrition, Laboratory of Molecular Endocrinology, Department of Applied Nutrition, Roberto Alcântara Gomes Biology Institute
Department of Physiological Sciences, Department of Basic and Experimental Nutrition, Laboratory of Molecular Endocrinology, Department of Applied Nutrition, Roberto Alcântara Gomes Biology Institute

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with multiple unrelated targets including receptors, enzymes, ion channels, and transporters ( Beher et al . 2009 , Pacholec et al . 2010 ). It seems that to decrease lipid peroxidation, Res has to be acting in an animal with some increased level of

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Maik Pietzner Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany

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Tim Kacprowski Chair of Experimental Bioinformatics, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan Technical University of Munich, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany

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Nele Friedrich Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany

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(the hypothalamic–pituitary–thyroid (HPT) axis). An increase in circulating thyroid hormones (THs) in turn causes suppression of synthesis and release of both TRH and TSH, which in turn suppress TH secretion from the thyroid. Due to their highly

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Victoria Diedrich Institute of Neurobiology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany

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Elena Haugg Institute of Neurobiology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany

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Carola Dreier Institute of Neurobiology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany

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Annika Herwig Institute of Neurobiology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany

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al. 2015 , Cubuk et al. 2017 a ). However, many other components like deiodinase enzymes, transporters and receptors are involved in T3 availability in the brain and require much more detailed analysis over the course of a torpor bout (Fig. 5

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Natalia Ogonowski Department of Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, IQUIMEFA-CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina

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Giselle Piro Department of Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, IQUIMEFA-CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina

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Déborah Pessah Department of Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, IQUIMEFA-CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina

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Noelia Arreche Department of Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, IQUIMEFA-CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina

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Bernardita Puchulu Department of Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, IQUIMEFA-CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina

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Ana M Balaszczuk Department of Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, IQUIMEFA-CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina

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Andrea L Fellet Department of Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, IQUIMEFA-CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina

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release after TRH in aging male and female rats . Endocrine Research Communications 9 169 – 177 . ( doi:10.3109/07435808209045762 ) Grossman W 1980 Cardiac hypertrophy: useful adaptation or pathologic process? American Journal of Medicine

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J M Hanson Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 8, PO Box 80.154, NL-3508 TD Utrecht, The Netherlands

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H S Kooistra Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 8, PO Box 80.154, NL-3508 TD Utrecht, The Netherlands

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J A Mol Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 8, PO Box 80.154, NL-3508 TD Utrecht, The Netherlands

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E Teske Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 8, PO Box 80.154, NL-3508 TD Utrecht, The Netherlands

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B P Meij Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 8, PO Box 80.154, NL-3508 TD Utrecht, The Netherlands

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other secretagogs, e.g. thyroptropin-releasing hormone (TRH), GHRH, and gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), evoked no adenohypophyseal hormone secretion ( Meij et al. 1997 d ). Eight weeks after surgery, the CRH stimulation test was not able to

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